Foram encontradas 346 questões.
De acordo com a metarregra de não contradição, para que um texto seja coerente, é preciso que
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Julgue as afirmações abaixo com base nos conceitos de coerência e coesão textual.
I. Os conectivos têm um papel importante nas demonstrações e nas argumentações de um texto.
II. Há palavras e locuções que situam o leitor no espaço do texto, tais como “entretanto”, “na verdade”,
“ao contrário”.
III. Palavras repetidas, sinônimos, palavras que se referem a uma mesma realidade linguística
garantem a continuidade do sentido de um texto.
IV. Palavras e locuções como “inicialmente”, “em seguida”, “finalmente”; “por um lado”, “por outro lado”
desempenham um papel importante na exposição das ideias de um texto.
Está correto o que se afirma em
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Não se apresenta uma definição de “texto” em:
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Segundo a perspectiva do uso, as modalidades oral e escrita da língua apresentam
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
De acordo com o estruturalismo, a língua é um(a)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
1587165
Ano: 2012
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Provas:
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings
Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures,
requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by
the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some
degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words,
grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the
interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing
an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs,
priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether
the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the
speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words
convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language
communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p.
154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more
information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is
polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their
U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding
communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many
times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people
learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives.
Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and
interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of
one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how
perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.
The importance of culture to communication
Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but
constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of
referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and
individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not
be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be
overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very
difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and
Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities
between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in
translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be
accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also
increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may
make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have
misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief
that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation
is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying
ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.
(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html
)
The knowledge the speaker must have to compensate for breakdowns in communication due to limiting conditions in actual communication is labeled by Canale and Swain (1980) as
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
1587164
Ano: 2012
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Provas:
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings
Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures,
requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by
the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some
degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words,
grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the
interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing
an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs,
priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether
the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the
speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words
convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language
communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p.
154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more
information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is
polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their
U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding
communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many
times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people
learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives.
Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and
interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of
one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how
perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.
The importance of culture to communication
Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but
constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of
referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and
individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not
be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be
overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very
difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and
Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities
between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in
translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be
accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also
increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may
make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have
misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief
that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation
is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying
ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.
(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html
)
According to Oxford (1989, p. 172), “Background knowledge of the new culture often helps learners understand better what is heard or read in the new language.” Such knowledge is usually promoted by learning strategies referred by the author as
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
1587163
Ano: 2012
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Provas:
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings
Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures,
requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by
the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some
degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words,
grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the
interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing
an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs,
priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether
the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the
speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words
convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language
communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p.
154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more
information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is
polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their
U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding
communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many
times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people
learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives.
Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and
interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of
one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how
perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.
The importance of culture to communication
Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but
constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of
referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and
individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not
be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be
overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very
difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and
Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities
between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in
translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be
accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also
increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may
make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have
misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief
that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation
is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying
ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.
(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html
)
The {-s} plural morpheme in the underlined word in “Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but constitutes interpretation” has the same pronunciation of the one in the underlined word in alternative
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
1587162
Ano: 2012
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Provas:
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings
Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures,
requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by
the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some
degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words,
grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the
interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing
an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs,
priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether
the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the
speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words
convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language
communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p.
154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more
information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is
polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their
U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding
communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many
times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people
learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives.
Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and
interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of
one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how
perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.
The importance of culture to communication
Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but
constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of
referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and
individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not
be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be
overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very
difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and
Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities
between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in
translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be
accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also
increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may
make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have
misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief
that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation
is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying
ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.
(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html
)
The inflectional {-ing} morpheme is found in the underlined word in alternative
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
1587161
Ano: 2012
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: FADESP
Orgão: Pref. Alenquer-PA
Provas:
THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.
A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings
Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures,
requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by
the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some
degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words,
grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the
interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing
an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs,
priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether
the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the
speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words
convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language
communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p.
154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more
information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is
polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their
U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding
communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many
times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people
learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives.
Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and
interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of
one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how
perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.
The importance of culture to communication
Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but
constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of
referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and
individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not
be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be
overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very
difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and
Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities
between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in
translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be
accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also
increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may
make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have
misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief
that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation
is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying
ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.
(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html
)
Check the alternative in which the underlined utterance has the same grammatical function of the underlined one in “Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures, requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by the listener”.
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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
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