Language learning is using a formal education method where direct instructions and rules are provided by an educator. When teaching a language, teachers usually focus on teaching the form of the language. As a result, they explain the grammar rules, structures, and vocabulary to the students. Language learning is often much more formal than language acquisition. There are usually set goals and objectives in a language learning setting, and progress is often monitored and evaluated, for language learning typically involves using instructional materials such as textbooks, workbooks, and audiovisual aids. On the other hand, in a naturalistic setting, people acquire languages without formal instruction or materials. Language acquisition is a procedure that takes place at any period of a person’s life. The term language acquisition is usually related to the learning of one’s native language with the help of a close family or the surroundings. People engaged in language acquisition may not have any specific goals or objectives in mind. They may be exposed to the target language through interactions in their daily lives. Nonetheless, there is a distinction between them, for it is believed to there to be key differences between learning and acquiring a language. With that in mind, check the alternative that best represents the difference between language acquisition and language learning processes.

The Communicative Language Teaching is defined as an approach of teaching a second or a foreign language that focuses on learners’ interaction whether as the means or the ultimate goal of learning a target language. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach that aims to achieve communicative rather than linguistic competence through learner interaction. Born in the 1980s, this strategy to language teaching is based on the philosophy that, in order to learn a language, one must practice using that language to communicate meaning to others. Communicative language teaching integrates reading, writing, and speaking, which can have students practice multiple skills at once. It also uses groups or pairs for activities and tools and technology to create a more individualized learning experience for students. There are some characteristics of CLT in English Language Teaching classroom. Having said that, check the alternative whose information may not be associated with the potential characteristics or theoretical framework of the Communicative Language Teaching approach.

Cohesion and coherence are important aspects of writing as they have an influence on the readability of the argument of a text. Coherence is about the unity of the ideas, on the other hand, cohesion is about the unity of structural elements. If a text is coherent, it is logically ordered and connected. If the elements of a text are cohesive, they are united and work together contributing to its meaning. Both cohesion and coherence are essential when structuring paragraphs. That said, read the excerpts that follow, whose topic is related to “Teachers´ Identities”, then number them. After organizing the excerpts in a cohesive and coherent well-structured paragraph, check the correct answer.
( ) Identity has been defined as ‘what makes you similar to yourself and different from others’ (Deschamp and Devos 1998, p. 3). ( ) Although the definition of professional identity varies between researchers, many scholars have been suggesting that important concepts on professional identity have been provided throughout the years. ( ) That being so, teachers’ effectiveness and commitment towards their job tend to be related to the way they value their significance and professionalism. ( ) The importance of exploring teachers’ identities and how these identities influence their effectiveness has also been emphasized. ( ) In other words, the way teachers value themselves is more likely to be related to their professional identities.

The name of Shakespeare is the greatest in all literature. No man ever came near to him in the creative power of the mind; no man ever had such strength and such variety of imagination. He wrote in his day some thirty-seven plays and a few poems; since then as many hundred volumes have been written in praise of his accomplishment. At the present time unnumbered critics, historians and scholars are still explaining the mind and the art displayed in that same neglected work. Shakespeare's plays are a canon of dramatic works written by the English poet, playwright, and actor. The exact number of plays as well as their classifications as tragedy, history, comedy, or otherwise is a matter of scholarly debate. Shakespeare's plays are widely regarded as among the greatest in the English language and are continually performed around the world. His plays have been translated into every major living language. Having that in mind, it is correct to say that are plays written by William Shakespeare, except for:

In order to meet the determinations of the Law of Directives and Bases (LDB – 9394/96), debates have been held over the last few years around definitions to guide the construction of an Elementary Education syllabus in Brazilian schools. The Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC), which has been designed and recently approved, presents traditions and also some changes in relation to what has historically been produced in our country regarding curricular discussions. That is to say that in English classrooms, the English language has been regarded different statuses throughout the years. When it comes to the teaching and learning of English in Brazilian regular schools, from the National Curriculum Parameters (PCNs – 1998) to the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC – 2017), one of the biggest changes in terms of language teaching in recent years concerns to the status the English language has been regarded within language practices inside and outside the classroom. With that said, considering the status of English language in the National Common Curricular Base, it is correct to say that English has been assumed as:

English has always been a language that interests its learners and users in many ways. That is because, almost every day, a new word is added to the wide range of vocabulary. Homophones are one of the various interesting factors of the language. Homophones are two or more words that share the same pronunciation, but which have different spellings or meanings. In English classrooms, when students are provided with opportunities to learn homophones, they are more likely to: I) broaden their vocabulary and grammar skills; II) understand the difference between two similar-sounding words; and III) practice and improve their spelling. With that in mind, check the answer whose pairs of words presented may not be considered homophones.

The dissemination of English linked to the expansion and domination of the British Empire is only part of the story of the language’s progression across the globe. Today English is the primary language in some sixty countries and continues to spread, especially as a second language. A useful model to document the expansion of English today, developed by an Indian-American linguist, Braj B. Kachru, employs three concentric circles to reflect the different ways in which English continues to gain new speakers. That being so, read the statements that follow, which are, at some point and extent, associated with the model to document the expansion of English today, and check the correct answer.
(I) The Inner Circle represents the English language’s traditional heartland, USA, Canada, UK, Australia, and New Zealand, where it is spoken as a native tongue by some 350 million people. (II) The Outer Circle comprises non-native countries where English has an important status as an official second language, including post colonial countries such as Singapore, Kenya, and India. (III) The Expanding Circle encompasses all other countries where English is recognized either as a foreign language or as a lingua franca, therefore being used in business and trade, but where it does not have a special status, such as China and Japan.
The statement(s) that may be considered correct is/are:

During 16^th century, 5 to 7 million people were believed to speak English as a native language. Due to the colonization of America and other continents, there was a huge expansion in English speakers, either as a native or as a second language, for the 21^st century is believed to hold 450 million English speakers. Having said that, match the second column by using the information provided in the first one, then check the correct answer.
( A ) ENGLISH IN AMERICA ( B ) ENGLISH IN CANADA (C) ENGLISH IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ( D ) ENGLISH IN SOUTH ASIA
( )The spread of English was the consequence of colonies established by New Englanders, who were loyal to Britain, in the 18^th century.
( ) Its English was imported from the language of other Europeans settlers, who were speakers of French, Spanish, Portuguese, German and Dutch. ( ) At the same time, during the 18^th century, settlers arrived from England, Scotland and Ireland adding dialects to the mixture. ( ) British settlers adopted local words from aboriginal languages to describe cultural objects and specific practices. ( ) Successful settlements at Chesapeake Bay, which were named as Jamestown and Virginia by the colonists, and also a settlement in Massachusetts named Plymouth by the Puritans, who arrived on the Mayflower, were important steps for the spread of English. ( ) The influx of English speakers resulted in a dramatic decline of the Maori language. ( ) When heard, it is similar to American English and, when spelled, it follows British conventions. ( ) Its English origins lie in Britain, for it was established as language in India, Singapore and Hong Kong. ( ) It is spoken by over 22 million people in Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka as a second language.

Minimal pairs are words that differ by only one sound. When it comes to minimal pairs, it is important to note that the focus is on sounds, so the spellings of the words may be different. Within the pair, the sounds that differ may occur at the beginning or the end of the words, and the difference may occur between singleton consonants or in one sound in a consonant blend. Minimal pairs can be tricky for some speakers, and this can also impact their written work. When they struggle to differentiate either the sound or pronunciation, it is more likely that this will translate to misconceptions in spelling. That being said, check the answer whose pair of words presented may not be considered minimal pairs.

De acordo com o Art. 16. da Lei nº 13.146/2015, que institui a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). Nos programas e serviços de habilitação e de reabilitação para a pessoa com deficiência, são garantidos:
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