Identity and globalization

Krasimira Mineva -Burgas Free University.

During the recent decades, intensity of relations between different cultures and different regions of the world has been increasing, due to the rapid development of telecommunications. The increasing^(C) economic and financial independence has its impact on the new opportunities for mobility and communications amongst different cultures. The development of the global market, the large volumes of production and exports enable the consumption of new, unfamiliar products. The economic aspects of the processes developing^(E) on a global scale are characterized by free movement of capital, search for new markets for goods and services, exported manufacturing facilities seeking^(B) cheaper labor markets, collision between local producers and powerful international corporations. The economic processes encourage the development of a new global culture, the basis for it being^(A) standards such as consumption, consumer attitudes and ultimate individualism. The effects of globalization have been described as: aculturalism, the mutual influence among cultures and their gradual convergence and unification; migration processes due to the collapse of local economies; increased number of illegal immigrants; marginalization and prejudice; spread of individualism and consumer attitude which undermine the values of traditional society; increased exchange of information and ideas, information on global scale doubles its volume every two years; individual consciousness is overloaded with information but behaviors which might alter culture become even more uniform.

(Available in: https://www.researchgate.net. Adapted.)

Analyse word usage in the text. Mark the item which is a modifier.

A gestação do povo brasileiro,
a universidade e o saber popular

[...] As universidades são urgidas a buscar um enraizamento orgânico nas periferias, nas bases populares e nos setores ligados diretamente à produção. Aqui pode se estabelecer uma fecunda troca de saberes, entre o saber popular, de experiências feito, e o saber acadêmico, constituído pelo espírito crítico; dessa aliança surgirão seguramente novas temáticas teóricas nascidas do confronto com a anti-realidade popular e da valorização da riqueza incomensurável do povo na sua capacidade de encontrar, sozinho, saídas para os seus problemas. Aqui se dá a troca de saberes, uns completando os outros, no estilo proposto pelo prêmio Nobel de Química (1977) Ilya Prigorine (cf. A nova aliança, UNB 1984).

Deste casamento, se acelera a gênese de um povo; permite um novo tipo de cidadania, baseada na con-cidadania dos representantes da sociedade civil e acadêmica e das bases populares que tomam iniciativas por si mesmos e submetem o Estado a um controle democrático, cobrando-lhe os serviços básicos especialmente para as grandes populações periféricas.

Nestas iniciativas populares, com suas várias frentes (casa, saúde, educação, direitos humanos, transporte coletivo etc.), os movimentos sociais sentem necessidade de um saber profissional. É onde a universidade pode e deve entrar, socializando o saber, oferecendo encaminhamentos para soluções originais e abrindo perspectivas às vezes insuspeitadas por quem é condenado a lutar só para sobreviver. [...]

(BOFF, Leonardo. A gestação do povo brasileiro, a universidade e o saber popular. Disponível em: https://leonardoboff.wordpress. com/2014/03/01/a-gestacao-do-povo-brasileiro-a-universidade-eo- saber-popular/. Acesso em: 09/2019. Fragmento.)

Read the text to answer.

D.C. schools try to meet students where they live

Sarah Zick swerved through the crowds clogging 14th Street NW in Columbia Heights one recent muggy afternoon, trekking to one of her student’s homes. The first-grade teacher is attempting to meet the families of each of her students at their homes or a place of their choosing — shifting the traditional parent-teacher power dynamic that plays out on school grounds. On this Wednesday, three weeks into the school year, it was student No. 21. She spotted the 6-year-old girl near her public housing complex holding hands with her mother. The girl gave Zick a quick hug. The meeting began. What Zick learned: the girl loves math but is more tepid about reading. She loves dancing and princesses. A friend from school recently died of complications related to asthma, and the 6-year-old often thinks about death. Lockdowns at the school prompted by recent shootings in Columbia Heights exacerbated those anxieties.Zick’s plan after that meeting: she will send the girl home with books about dancing and princesses for mom to read with her at night. And when there is another lockdown or drill, Zick will pay extra attention to make sure the girl is okay.

Over the past five years, the District has sought to reinvent the old-fashioned idea of home visits. It’s no longer about descending on the house of a struggling or truant student. In 2011, the traditional public school system partnered with the Flamboyan Foundation which trained the teachers on how to conduct the visits, paying them $40 each family meeting. Eight years after the program launched, D.C. educators have made more relationship-building home visits than any school system in the country — even more than bigger systems, according to Gina Martinez-Keddy, executive director of Parent Teacher Home Visits, which tracks these interactions.

(Available in:https://www.washingtonpost.com/education. Adapted.)

The innovative home-visit program features:

What does ‘inclusive practises’ mean and
how can we ensure that all our classrooms
and work environments are truly inclusive?

Inclusion is about how we structure our schools, our classrooms and our lessons so that all our students learn and participate together. An inclusive classroom is one that creates a supportive environment for all learners, including those with learning differences and one that can also challenge and engage gifted and talented learners by building a more responsive learning environment. Inclusivity also means respecting people from all backgrounds and cultures. By teaching our students the importance of this, we can create a much more tolerant and understanding environment, not just in the classroom and school but also in wider society. An inclusive school or classroom can only be successful when all students feel they are truly part of the school community. This can only happen through open, honest discussion about differences and understanding and respecting people from all abilities and backgrounds. An inclusive environment is one where everyone feels valued. Some of the practises which might promote inclusivity are:

1) Create a supportive, respectful environment: promote diversity and fairness.

2) Have high expectations of all your students. Research shows that students respond better when they feel that their teacher has faith in their abilities and is not focusing on their inabilities.

3) Create a supportive peer culture both inside and outside the classroom. This is when you empower learners to respect and trust each other, making empathy and caring ‘fashionable’ and reinforcing positive and pro-social attitudes by encouraging learners to help each other.

4) Plan learning which includes participation from everyone and encourages success. You can do this by creating an environment which is ‘personalised to students’ needs and by talking about learning that focuses on what students can do and what they would like to do next.

5) Take a ‘community’ approach to learning and teaching. Inclusive values are developed through a student’s lived experience and their exposure to other cultures and world-views. Bring your community into the classroom and take your classroom out to the community.

(Available in: https://www.cambridge.org › elt › blog › 2017/11/15. Adapted.)

About the “that”, the consistent item is