Through a process of simplification, students become aware that they are really using their brains and that they are succeeded.

Materials developers should try to help the learners to feel successful by asking them to use simple language to accomplish easy tasks.

An elementary level learner cannot often gaigreater confidence from making up a story, writing a short poem or making a grammatical discovery but she can gain it from getting right a simple drill.

I prefer to attempt to build confidence through activities which try to ‘push’ learners slightly beyond their existence proficiency by engaging them in tasks which are stimulating, which are problematic but which are achievable too.