Read the Text VII to answer question.

Text VII

The following document from the Earth Summit 2002 illustrates the link between S&T (Science&Technology) and Sustainable

Development: Science and Technology as a Foundation for Sustainable Development

Why is science and technology essential for sustainable development?

Sustainable development is probably the most daunting challenge that humanity has ever faced, and achieving it requires that the fundamental issues be addressed immediately at local, regional and global levels. At all scales, the role of science and technology is crucial; scientific knowledge and appropriate technologies are central to resolving the economic, social and environmental problems that make current development paths unsustainable. Bridging the development gap between the North and the South, and alleviating poverty to provide a more equitable and sustainable future for all, requires novel integrated approaches that fully incorporate existing and new scientific knowledge. The Scientific and Technological (S&T) community can make a leading contribution to tackling major problems identified in Sections III and V of the Millennium Declaration - "Freedom from want" and "Sustaining our future". These issues include: i) fighting against disease; ii) population growth and urbanization; iii) the digital/information divide; iv) coping with climate change; v) confronting the water crisis; vi) defending the soil; vii) preserving forests, fisheries and biodiversity and viii) building a new ethic of global stewardship. Whatever the cultural, geographical, socio-economic and environmental setting, a strong partnership between the S&T community and other members of civil society, the private sector and governments is a fundamental prerequisite for sustainable development.

Disponível em: Source: http://www.ensaa.eu/index.php/sts-and-sd.html. Accessed on: September 15,2013.

The question are based on the following sentence taken from the Text VII:

“Sustainable development is probably the most daunting challenge that humanity has ever faced, and achieving it requires that the fundamental issues be addressed immediately (…)”

The pronoun in bold, “that”, refers to: