Lithotripsy is a medical procedure involving the physical destruction of hardened masses like kidney stones,bezoars or gallstones. Intracorporeal lithotripsy uses a small rigid or flexible scope inserted into the bladder and ureter. This method allows the urologist to actually look into the ureter, find the stone and remove it by applying mechanical or light energy (laser pulses). Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) uses imaging techniques (ultrasound and/or biplanar fluoroscopy) to locate the stone and focuses external shockwaves to pulverize it. Some lithotripters rely on a complete or partial water bath for coupling the patient to the external shock wave source. Modern devices may use dry heads coupled with either gel or oil solutions. ESWL is a potential primary treatment for stones between 4 to 20 mm.

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