TEXTO 1 Leadership and the public sector

Parágrafo 1

'Leadership' is a hotly debated concept. There is a plethora of commentary and advocacy for various approaches; much of it grounded in various forms of pop philosophy or psychology. It is a subject that has been studied across a range of academic disciplines, including political science, management, psychology, sociology, public administration and defence studies. Advocacy ranges from strident claims that individualistic, heroic leadership is the crucial element in organisational and personal success, through to deep scepticism that leadership is anything more than an inherent quality that can be found to varying degrees in some individuals who seem to have the capacity to inspire others to pursue a particular strategy or realise a particular vision (Lord 2000). In this intellectual environment it is useful to have a working definition of 'leadership' that is as clear as possible without narrowing or distorting the focus, and that relates to the specific area of study, in this case the public sector

Qual das alternativas abaixo NÃO está de acordo com o texto?