There is much vocabulary and it is dealt with in the form of lists of isolated words.

Students are provided with instructions only in the target language.

Excessive reliance on mimicry, memorization of set phrases, and overlearning.

Close, deliberate cognitive attention is paid to the rules, paradigms, intricacies, and exceptions of the language.

Little or scarcely any grammatical explanation is provided; grammar is taught by inductive analogy.