The following are all statements about “language transfer” made in Ellis (1994). Write T (for true) or F (for false) in the brackets next to them.

( ) It refers to the incorporation of features of the first language (L1) into the knowledge systems of the second language (L2) which the learner is trying to build.

( ) Today we know that transfer always manifests itself as errors, and never as avoidance, overuse, or facilitation.

( ) Within a behaviourist framework of learning, it was assumed that the “habits” of L1 would be carried over into L2. “Interference” or “negative transfer” emerged when features of the L1 would not correspond to those of the L2

( ) Second Language Acquisition (SLA) researchers today do not acknowledge any importance to transfer as a learner-internal factor, and the method of contrastive analysis is now totally outdated.