Unfortunately, there has been little attempt to design the generation, selection, or availability of techniques supplied by international agricultural research in ways that increase the likelihood of resource-preserving outcomes as rural populations grow. This is partly because the problem of technology generation in agriculture remains exogenous to most of the developing countries and is not driven significantly by their resource-saving, or other, requirements.

On a global scale, agricultural research responds not to the needs of workers or small-holders experiencing rapid growth of person-land ratios (and degrading food growing resources), but to those of large farmers seeking to save labor and of research scientists seeking intellectual satisfaction and security by catering to the better-endowed and better-understood problems, environments, and crops of such farmers.

When focussing on the available set of technological options to farmers in developing countries, the text

Item 4 - blames the smallholders for being unable to make the right choices.