Andersen's Nativization Model (Larsen-Freeman and Long 1991, p. 265) addresses the question of the learner's internal processing mechanisms, proposing that development is a function of two processes: (1) ____________________ guides pidginization and early stages of both first and second language acquisition. It refers to the learner's tendency to make new input conform to his or her “internal norm”, or mental picture, of what the second language ( L2) grammar is like. It involves ____________________ of new knowledge to old through hypothesis formation and application of cognitive processing principles. (2) ____________________ guides depidginization and later stages of first and second language acquisition.

It refers to the learner's adjustment of his or her interlanguage (IL) system in the direction of his or her mental picture of the target, or “external norm”. It involves ____________________ of new input by altering the IL grammar to match it.