Art and beauty have long been intertwined. At times, the artist has looked to nature as the standard of beauty and has thus imitated it. At other times, the artist has thought to improve upon nature, developing an alternative standard — an idealized form. Standards of beauty in and of themselves are by no means universal. The Classical Greeks were obsessed with their idea of beauty and fashioned mathematical formulas for rendering the human body in sculpture so that it would achieve a majesty and perfection unknown in nature. The sixteenth-century artist Leonardo da Vinci, in what is perhaps the most famous painting in the history of Western art, enchants generations of viewers with the eternal beauty and mysteriousness of the smiling Mona Lisa. But appreciation of the refined features of this Italian woman is tied to a Western concept of beauty. Elsewhere in the world, these features may seem unattractive or undesirable. On the other hand, the standard of beauty in some non-Western societies that hold body painting, tattooing, and adornment both beautiful and sacred may seem odd and unattractive to someone from the Western world. One art form need not be seen as intrinsically superior to the other: in those works, quite simply, the perception of beauty varies from an individual to the next.

DK publishing. Art that changed the world, Londres, 2013, p. 26 (adapted).

Judge the following itemaccording to the text above.

“non-Western societies” and “Elsewhere in the world” refer, in the text, to basically the same thing.