Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 55 a 59.

Human learning is fundamentally a process that involves the making of mistakes. Mistakes, misjudgments, miscalculations, and erroneous assumptions form an important aspect of learning virtually any skill or acquiring information. Learning to swim, to play tennis, to type, or to read all involve a process in which success comes from profiting from mistakes, by using mistakes to obtain feedback from the environment and with that feedback to make new attempts which successively more closely approximate desired goals.

Language learning, in this sense, is like any other human learning. The child learning his first language makes countless “mistakes” from the point of view of adult grammatical language. By carefully processing feedback from others the child slowly but surely learns to produce what is acceptable speech in his native language. Second language learning is a process that is clearly not unlike first language learning in its trial-and-error nature. Inevitably the learner will make mistakes in the process of acquisition, and indeed even impede that process if he does not commit errors and then benefit in turn from various forms of feedback on those errors.

(Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching.

Prentice-Hall. Adaptado)