At the most basic level, a computer is something that receives zeroes and ones from either memory or an input device, combines them in some systematic way, and ships the results off to either memory or some output device — like a screen or speaker. An operating system, whether Windows, the Apple OS, Linux or any other, is a software that mediates between applications, like word processors and Web browsers, and those rudimentary bit operations. Like everything else, operating systems will have to be reimagined for a world in which computer chips have hundreds or thousands of cores.

Project Angstrom, an ambitious initiative to create tomorrow’s computing systems from the ground up, funded by the U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and drawing on the work of 19 MIT researchers and industry collaborators, is concerned with energy-efficient multicore computing at all levels, from chip architecture up to the design of programming languages. But at its heart is the development of a new operating system.

Internet: <web.mit.edu> (adapted).

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