Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 32 a 38.

Two of the factors to play a part in language teaching and learning are:

Learner Characteristics – Who are the learners that you are teaching? What is the ethnic, linguistic, and religious heritage? What are their native languages, levels of education, and socioeconomic characteristics? What life experiences have they had that might affect their learning? What are their intellectual capacities, abilities, and strengths and weaknesses? How would you describe the personality of any given learner? These and other questions focus attention on some of the crucial variables affecting both learners’ successes in acquiring a foreign language and teachers’ capacities to enable learners to achieve that acquisition.

Linguistic factors –No simpler question is one that probes the nature of the subject matter itself. What is it that the learner must learn? What is language? What is communication? What does it mean when we say someone knows how to use a language? What is the best way to describe or systematize the target (second) language? What are the relevant differences (and commonalities) between a learner’s first and second language? What properties of the target language might be more difficult or easier for the learner to master? The language teacher needs to understand the system and functioning of the second language and the differences between the first and the second language of the learner. It is one thing for the teacher to speak and understand a language and yet another matter to attain the technical knowledge required to understand and explain the system of that language - its phonemes, morphemes, words, sentences, and discourse structures.

(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching. 5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)