Methods serve as a foil for reflection that can aid teachers in bringing to conscious awareness the thinking that underlies their actions. Considering such idea, developed by Larsen-Freeman in Techniques and Principles in Language (2011), associate the method to its respective principle.

METHODS

1 - Direct

2 - Audio-Lingual

3 - Silent Way

4 - Desuggestopedia

5 - Community Language Learning

6 - Total Physical Response

7 - Communicative Language Teaching

PRINCIPLES

( ) Dramatization is a particularly valuable way of playfully activating the material. Fantasy reduces barriers to learning.

( ) Developing a community among the class members builds trust and can help to reduce the threat of the new learning situation.

( ) The purpose of language learning is communication; therefore, students need to learn how to ask questions as well as answer them.

( ) Spoken language should he emphasized over written language. Students can initially learn one part of the language rapidly by moving their bodies.

( ) Language learning is a process of habit formation. The more often something is repeated, the stronger the habit and the greater the learning.

( ) The teacher works with gestures, and sometimes instructions in the student’s native language, to help the students to produce the target language sounds as accurately as possible.

( ) Students should be given opportunities to listen to language as it is used in authentic communication. They may be coached on strategies for how to improve their comprehension.

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