integrations of language skills into the study of a specific theme in English for Specific Purpose.

techniques that are taught in simplified English tailored to students’ English proficiency level.

activities that are taught separately but are carefully coordinated in order to teach the four skills.

activities that can stand alone as fundamental units and that require comprehending, producing, manipulating, or interacting in authentic language while attention is principally paid to meaning rather than form.

activities designed to teaching language learning grammar and vocabulary and emphasize that a given strategy can often enhance performance in multiple skills.