It is a top-down pedagogical framework where expert theorists conceive professional knowledge that teachers, as consumers, then faithfully implement in their classrooms.

It is a three-dimensional system comprising the parameters of particularity, practicality, and possibility, designed to enable autonomous teacher-researchers to theorize from their own classroom practice and address socio-political realities.

It represents the scientific search for a universal and ahistorical best method that can be discoverable through objective analysis and applied to any educational context globally.

It is a prescriptive model of language instruction characterized by the rigid, linear classroom sequence of presentation, practice, and production to ensure linguistic accuracy.

It is an unconstrained eclectic approach that encourages teachers to freely select and combine the best parts of various existing methods based solely on their individual intuition.