Read text V to answer questions 34 and 35.

TEXT V

US considers 'sun blocking' to cool the Earth

It sounds like something out of a sci-fi novel, but some researchers want to cool the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space. Sun blocking' technologies - also known as solar radiation modification (SRM) - could theoretically cool down the earth by reflecting sunlight back into space. One idea involves pumping sun-blocking particles into the upper atmosphere. This process of 'stratospheric aerosol injection! would involve planes spraying an aerosol like sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere. This mist of particles would refiect the sun back upwards, shading the earth. The method has already worked - although accidentally. When Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines erupted in 1991, it released thousands of tons of sulfur dioxide. The global temperature temporarily dropped by 0.5ºC. In September 2022, researchers at Yale University argued that the injection method could hypothetically refreeze the poles. - À White House report published last Friday confirms that the US is open to researching SRM. "A programme of research into the scientific and societal implications of solar radiation modification (SRM) would enable better-informed decisions about the potential risks and benefits of SRM as a component, of climate policy, alongside the foundational elements 'of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and adaptation; it says. However, the report also clarifies that no decisioh-has been made to "establish a comprehensive research “programme focused on solar radiation modification.”

In February, several news outlets reported that the UN wanted to:'explore' this technique. This could give the impression that the organisation had approved sun blocking as a viable-.tool to fight climate change. Unfortunately for tech enthusiasts, this is not the case. The UN Environmental Programs recent report into SRM concludes that it is not currently a realistic or wise plan. "UNEP conecurs with the panel that, at present, large-scale, or operational deployment of SRM technologies is not necessary, viable, prudent or sufficiently safe, given the limited scientific understanding and uncertainty about the potential impacts and unintended consequences," says UNEP's Chief Scientist Andrea Himwood. “The review concludes that SRM cannot replace reducing greenhouse gas emissions." Nonetheless, the body doesn't rule out the method altogether, with the report concluding that their assessment of the technique "may change should climate actions remain insufficient”.

Adapted from https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/07/05/sun-blockers-us-scientists-aim-to-cool-the-earth-by-refiecting-sunlight-into-space