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TEXT 2
Headdresses and Hemlines
(Excerpts from Edward Chancellor’s Devil Take the Hindmost, A History of Financial Speculation (Plume, 2000), pp. 44-48. The original text has been edited to conform the objectives of the Exam.
Seventeen-century investors were no less sophisticated than their counterparts in the modern world. The valuation of annuities and lottery tickets, both of which paid an income for a limited number of years but did not return the principal, involved the process of discounting future cash flows. What is nowadays called the “time value of money” is clearly comprehended in John Law’s remark that “anticipation is always at a discount... $ 100 to be paid now is of more value than $ 1000 to be paid by $ 10 a year for 100 years”.
Item 2 John Law’s calculation does not hold true if a discount rate of 100% per year is applied to the future income.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Com relação à oferta agregada, salários, preços e emprego, é correta a afirmativa:
Item 3 A neutralidade da moeda significa que, no longo prazo, se o Banco Central reduzir a oferta monetária em 3 por cento, preços e salários reduzir-se-ão em 3 por cento.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Keynes argued that since the future could not be known with any degree of certainty values in the stock market ultimately depend on a state of confidence, itself the outcome of the “mass psychology of a large number of ignorant individuals.” Observing the ondulations of the market and the constant flux of credit more than two centuries earlier, Steele anticipated what has been called the “Castles in the Air” theory of value.
This theory suggests that shares have no intrinsic value and share prices are simply the product of investor psychology. One of the earliest associations of “castles in the air” with investment appears in Jonathan Swift’s poem The Bubble (1720), written after the collapse of the South Sea Company. In this poem, Swift attacks the company’s fraudulent directors and its credulous shareholders:
While some build Castles in the Air,
Directors build’em in the Seas;
Subscribers plainly see them there,
For Fools will see as Wise men please.
Directors build’em in the Seas;
Subscribers plainly see them there,
For Fools will see as Wise men please.
One can infer from the text that
Item 2 the worst effects of fraud can be contained by dissemination of pertinent information.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Avalie a opção
Item 1 A função diferenciável !$ f: R \rightarrow R !$ é estritamente crescente se e somente se f’(x) > 0 em todo o domínio.
Provas
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Rachel Carson meets Adam Smith
If this new green revolution is to succeed, however, three things must happen. The most important is that prices must be set correctly. The best way to do this is through liquid markets, as in the case of emissions trading. Here, politics merely sets the goal. How that goal is achieved is up to the traders.
A proper price, however, requires proper information. So the second goal must be to provide it. The tendency to regard the environment as a "free good" must be tempered with an understanding of what it does for humanity and how. Thanks to the recent Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the World Bank's annual "Little Green Data Book" (released this week), that is happening. More work is needed, but thanks to technologies such as satellite observation, computing and the internet, green accounting is getting cheaper and easier. Which leads naturally to the third goal, the embrace of cost-benefit analysis.
According to the text,
Item 0 the new “green revolution’s” success hinges on correct price sets, proper information, and cost-benefit analyses.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
A respeito de mercados de competição monopolística, é correta a afirmativa:
Item 3 Em contraste com os mercados puramente competitivos, o preço de equilíbrio é maior que o custo marginal.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Avalie a opção
Item 4 Seja A uma matriz invertível e !$ A^{-1} !$ sua inversa, então !$ det(A)^{-1} = det(A^{-1}) !$
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Julgue a afirmativa. A respeito dos estimadores de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), em um modelo de regressão linear múltipla:
Item 4 A presença de colinearidade imperfeita entre as variáveis explicativas gera estimadores viesados.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Considere o jogo na forma extensiva apresentado acima. Avalie a afirmativa abaixo, com base em seus conhecimentos de Teoria dos Jogos:
Item 1 Um equilíbrio perfeito em subjogos sempre implica que a combinação de estratégias selecionadas é ótima de Pareto.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Com relação a números índices, é correta a afirmativa:
Item 0 O cálculo do índice de preços de Laspeyres requer que preços e quantidades para todos os períodos sejam apurados conjuntamente.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
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