Indeed, official figures understate inflationary pressures in many emerging economies. Widespread government subsidies and price controls are one reason, and price indices are often skewed by a lack of data or government cheating. China's true inflation rate may be higher because the consumer-price index does not properly cover private services. Delays in data collection in India can mean big revisions to inflation: the final number for early March was almost two percentage points higher than the original. The latest wholesale-price inflation rate might therefore be pushed up to 9-10%. If measured correctly, five of the ten biggest emerging economies could have inflation rates of 10% or more by mid-summer. Two-thirds of the world's population may then be struggling with double-digit inflation.

The recent jump has been caused mainly by surging oil and food prices. For example, in China food prices have risen by 22% in the past year, whereas non-food prices have gone up by only 1.8%. Governments have responded with more price controls and export bans. India's government has suspended futures trading in several commodities, which it blames (wrongly) for high prices. In the short run such measures may help to cap inflation and avoid social unrest, but in the long run they do more harm than good. Preventing prices from rising reduces the incentive for farmers to increase supply and for consumers to curb demand, prolonging the very imbalance that has stoked prices.

According to the text:

Considere uma lagoa em que é possível pescar. Suponha que o preço do peixe é 1 e que f(n) é a quantidade total de peixes pescados, em que n é o número de barcos de pesca na lagoa. Suponha que a função f(n) está sujeita a rendimentos decrescentes. Suponha também que, para pescar, é necessário apenas adquirir um barco e equipamento que possuem custo constante igual a c > 0. Com base nessas informações, julgue a afirmativa abaixo:

Item 4: O caráter de recurso comum gera uma pesca excessiva de peixes do ponto de vista social.