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TAM Airlines Flight 3054

On the evening of July 17, 2007, the Airbus A320 serving the flight overran runway 35L at Congonha’s airport in São Paulo during moderate rain and crashed into a nearby TAM Express warehouse adjacent to a Shell gas station. The plane exploded on impact, killing all 187 passengers and crew on board and 12 people on the ground. The crash surpassed Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 as the deadliest aviation accident in Brazilian territory and in South American history, and remains the deadliest aviation accident involving the A320 proper worldwide.

The accident was investigated by Brazilian Air Force’s Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center. It was concluded that the accident was caused by errors committed by the pilots during the landing at Congonha’s airport in São Paulo.

There were no runway end safety areas, as at the end of runways 35L and 35R was Washington Luís Avenue, a busy avenue, as well several buildings and houses.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAM_Airlines_Flight_3054

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TAM Airlines Flight 3054

On the evening of July 17, 2007, the Airbus A320 serving the flight overran runway 35L at Congonha’s airport in São Paulo during moderate rain and crashed into a nearby TAM Express warehouse adjacent to a Shell gas station. The plane exploded on impact, killing all 187 passengers and crew on board and 12 people on the ground. The crash surpassed Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 as the deadliest aviation accident in Brazilian territory and in South American history, and remains the deadliest aviation accident involving the A320 proper worldwide.

The accident was investigated by Brazilian Air Force’s Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center. It was concluded that the accident was caused by errors committed by the pilots during the landing at Congonha’s airport in São Paulo.

There were no runway end safety areas, as at the end of runways 35L and 35R was Washington Luís Avenue, a busy avenue, as well several buildings and houses.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAM_Airlines_Flight_3054

Read the text and answer question.

TAM Airlines Flight 3054

On the evening of July 17, 2007, the Airbus A320 serving the flight overran runway 35L at Congonha’s airport in São Paulo during moderate rain and crashed into a nearby TAM Express warehouse adjacent to a Shell gas station. The plane exploded on impact, killing all 187 passengers and crew on board and 12 people on the ground. The crash surpassed Gol Transportes Aéreos Flight 1907 as the deadliest aviation accident in Brazilian territory and in South American history, and remains the deadliest aviation accident involving the A320 proper worldwide.

The accident was investigated by Brazilian Air Force’s Aeronautical Accidents Investigation and Prevention Center. It was concluded that the accident was caused by errors committed by the pilots during the landing at Congonha’s airport in São Paulo.

There were no runway end safety areas, as at the end of runways 35L and 35R was Washington Luís Avenue, a busy avenue, as well several buildings and houses.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAM_Airlines_Flight_3054

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US Airways Flight 1549

On January 15, 2009, the Airbus A320 struck a flock of birds shortly after take-off from La Guardia, losing all engine power. Given their position in relation to the available airports and their low altitude, pilots decided to glide the plane to ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people on board were rescued by nearby boats, with only a few injuries. The captain and pilot in command was Sully Sullenberg, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the US Air Force, he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety. First officer Jeffrey Skiles had accrued 20,727 career flight hours, including 37 in A320, but this was his first A320 assignment as pilot flying. There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants on board.

Aftermath, Passengers and crew sustained 95 minor and five serious injuries, including a deep laceration in the leg of one of the flight attendants. 78 people received medical treatment, mostly for minor injuries and hypothermia; 24 passengers and two rescuers were treated at hospitals, with two passengers kept overnight. Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms. The controller, who had worked the flight, said that “the hardest, most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over”, and that he was “gripped by raw moments of shock and grief”.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549

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US Airways Flight 1549

On January 15, 2009, the Airbus A320 struck a flock of birds shortly after take-off from La Guardia, losing all engine power. Given their position in relation to the available airports and their low altitude, pilots decided to glide the plane to ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people on board were rescued by nearby boats, with only a few injuries. The captain and pilot in command was Sully Sullenberg, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the US Air Force, he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety. First officer Jeffrey Skiles had accrued 20,727 career flight hours, including 37 in A320, but this was his first A320 assignment as pilot flying. There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants on board.

Aftermath, Passengers and crew sustained 95 minor and five serious injuries, including a deep laceration in the leg of one of the flight attendants. 78 people received medical treatment, mostly for minor injuries and hypothermia; 24 passengers and two rescuers were treated at hospitals, with two passengers kept overnight. Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms. The controller, who had worked the flight, said that “the hardest, most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over”, and that he was “gripped by raw moments of shock and grief”.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549

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US Airways Flight 1549

On January 15, 2009, the Airbus A320 struck a flock of birds shortly after take-off from La Guardia, losing all engine power. Given their position in relation to the available airports and their low altitude, pilots decided to glide the plane to ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people on board were rescued by nearby boats, with only a few injuries. The captain and pilot in command was Sully Sullenberg, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the US Air Force, he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety. First officer Jeffrey Skiles had accrued 20,727 career flight hours, including 37 in A320, but this was his first A320 assignment as pilot flying. There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants on board.

Aftermath, Passengers and crew sustained 95 minor and five serious injuries, including a deep laceration in the leg of one of the flight attendants. 78 people received medical treatment, mostly for minor injuries and hypothermia; 24 passengers and two rescuers were treated at hospitals, with two passengers kept overnight. Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms. The controller, who had worked the flight, said that “the hardest, most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over”, and that he was “gripped by raw moments of shock and grief”.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549

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US Airways Flight 1549

On January 15, 2009, the Airbus A320 struck a flock of birds shortly after take-off from La Guardia, losing all engine power. Given their position in relation to the available airports and their low altitude, pilots decided to glide the plane to ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people on board were rescued by nearby boats, with only a few injuries. The captain and pilot in command was Sully Sullenberg, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the US Air Force, he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety. First officer Jeffrey Skiles had accrued 20,727 career flight hours, including 37 in A320, but this was his first A320 assignment as pilot flying. There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants on board.

Aftermath, Passengers and crew sustained 95 minor and five serious injuries, including a deep laceration in the leg of one of the flight attendants. 78 people received medical treatment, mostly for minor injuries and hypothermia; 24 passengers and two rescuers were treated at hospitals, with two passengers kept overnight. Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms. The controller, who had worked the flight, said that “the hardest, most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over”, and that he was “gripped by raw moments of shock and grief”.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549

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US Airways Flight 1549 ditching and evacuation

Captain Sully asked controllers for landing options in New Jersey, mentioning Teterboro Airport. Permission was given for Teterboro’s Runway 1. Sully initially responded “YES”, but then: “We can’t do it...we’re gonna be in the Hudson”. Captain Sully commanded over the cabin address system to “brace for impact” and flight attendants relayed the command to passengers. Meanwhile, air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in the Hudson and ask them to prepare to help with the rescue. About 90 seconds later, the plane made an unpowered ditching, descending into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary. Flight attendants compared the ditching to a “hard landing” with “one impact, no bounce, then a gradual deceleration”. Sully opened the cockpit door and gave the order to evacuate. The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing window exits and into an inflatable slide/raft deployed from the front right passenger door. The evacuation was made more difficult by the fact that someone opened the rear left door, allowing more water to enter the plane. Water was also entering through a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open. Finally, Sully walked the cabin twice to confirm it was empty.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549

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US Airways Flight 1549 ditching and evacuation

Captain Sully asked controllers for landing options in New Jersey, mentioning Teterboro Airport. Permission was given for Teterboro’s Runway 1. Sully initially responded “YES”, but then: “We can’t do it...we’re gonna be in the Hudson”. Captain Sully commanded over the cabin address system to “brace for impact” and flight attendants relayed the command to passengers. Meanwhile, air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in the Hudson and ask them to prepare to help with the rescue. About 90 seconds later, the plane made an unpowered ditching, descending into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary. Flight attendants compared the ditching to a “hard landing” with “one impact, no bounce, then a gradual deceleration”. Sully opened the cockpit door and gave the order to evacuate. The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing window exits and into an inflatable slide/raft deployed from the front right passenger door. The evacuation was made more difficult by the fact that someone opened the rear left door, allowing more water to enter the plane. Water was also entering through a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open. Finally, Sully walked the cabin twice to confirm it was empty.

Adapted from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549