Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular disease

By John Phillip

Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated soft drinks each year, a number that continues to increase at an alarming^(a) rate. Many people use lowcalorie diet soda in a futile^(b) effort to lose weight. Yet^(c) they find that these drinks have the opposite effect leading them to be overweight or obese.

The high acid content^(d) in most carbonated beverages removes calcium and other critical nutrients from the bone and tissues, significantly increasing disease risk over years of consumption.

Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness Institute and Harvard University have reported the result of a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the first to examine soda’s effect on stroke^(e) risk and vascular diseases.

Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, gout and coronary artery disease, but current research has implicated diet soft drink consumption with increased disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of essential minerals.

Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted “Soda remains the largest source of added sugar in the diet. What we’re beginning to understand is that regular intake of these beverages sets off a chain reaction in the body that can potentially lead to many diseases, including stroke. Researchers analyzed soda consumption among 43,371 men and 84,085 women over a time span of nearly thirty years. During that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women while 1,416 strokes were documented in men.”

Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda marketers to instill the virtues of drinking soda, there is nothing healthy about consuming any type of carbonated beverage. Moreover, the study did note that drinking coffee was associated with a 10% lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened beverages.

Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers concluded “older adults who drank diet soda daily had a 43% increased risk of heart attacks or strokes compared to those that never drank diet soda”.

The suggestion is to substitute carbonated beverage consumption with an antioxidant packed cup of green tea or coffee to significantly reduce risk of strokes and vascular diseases.

Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012 Available at: <http://www.gasandoil.com/oilaround/other/3425a2d6 a41705a0f36cf3796041db1e>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular disease

By John Phillip

Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated soft drinks each year, a number that continues to increase at an alarming rate. Many people use lowcalorie diet soda in a futile effort to lose weight. Yet they find that these drinks have the opposite effect leading them to be overweight or obese.

The high acid content in most carbonated beverages removes calcium and other critical nutrients from the bone and tissues, significantly increasing disease risk over years of consumption.

Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness Institute and Harvard University have reported the result of a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the first to examine soda’s effect on stroke risk and vascular diseases.

Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, gout and coronary artery disease, but current research has implicated diet soft drink consumption with increased disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of essential minerals.

Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted “Soda remains the largest source of added sugar in the diet. What we’re beginning to understand is that regular intake of these beverages sets off a chain reaction in the body that can potentially lead to many diseases, including stroke. Researchers analyzed soda consumption among 43,371 men and 84,085 women over a time span of nearly thirty years. During that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women while 1,416 strokes were documented in men.”

Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda marketers to instill the virtues of drinking soda, there is nothing healthy about consuming any type of carbonated beverage. Moreover, the study did note that drinking coffee was associated with a 10% lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened beverages.

Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers concluded “older adults who drank diet soda daily had a 43% increased risk of heart attacks or strokes compared to those that never drank diet soda”.

The suggestion is to substitute carbonated beverage consumption with an antioxidant packed cup of green tea or coffee to significantly reduce risk of strokes and vascular diseases.

Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012 Available at: <http://www.gasandoil.com/oilaround/other/3425a2d6 a41705a0f36cf3796041db1e>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

According to Text, Dr. Adam Bernstein affirmed that

Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular disease

By John Phillip

Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated soft drinks each year, a number that continues to increase at an alarming rate. Many people use lowcalorie diet soda in a futile effort to lose weight. Yet they find that these drinks have the opposite effect leading them to be overweight or obese.

The high acid content in most carbonated beverages removes calcium and other critical nutrients from the bone and tissues, significantly increasing disease risk over years of consumption.

Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness Institute and Harvard University have reported the result of a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the first to examine soda’s effect on stroke risk and vascular diseases.

Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, gout and coronary artery disease, but current research has implicated diet soft drink consumption with increased disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of essential minerals.

Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted “Soda remains the largest source of added sugar in the diet. What we’re beginning to understand is that regular intake of these beverages sets off a chain reaction in the body that can potentially lead to many diseases, including stroke. Researchers analyzed soda consumption among 43,371 men and 84,085 women over a time span of nearly thirty years. During that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women while 1,416 strokes were documented in men.”

Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda marketers to instill the virtues of drinking soda, there is nothing healthy about consuming any type of carbonated beverage. Moreover, the study did note that drinking coffee was associated with a 10% lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened beverages.

Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers concluded “older adults who drank diet soda daily had a 43% increased risk of heart attacks or strokes compared to those that never drank diet soda”.

The suggestion is to substitute carbonated beverage consumption with an antioxidant packed cup of green tea or coffee to significantly reduce risk of strokes and vascular diseases.

Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012 Available at: <http://www.gasandoil.com/oilaround/other/3425a2d6 a41705a0f36cf3796041db1e>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

One negative effect of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and one negative effect of diet soft drink consumption are respectively

Soda consumption increases risk of stroke and vascular disease

By John Phillip

Americans drink more than 216 liters of carbonated soft drinks each year, a number that continues to increase at an alarming rate. Many people use lowcalorie diet soda in a futile effort to lose weight. Yet they find that these drinks have the opposite effect leading them to be overweight or obese.

The high acid content in most carbonated beverages removes calcium and other critical nutrients from the bone and tissues, significantly increasing disease risk over years of consumption.

Researchers from Cleveland Clinic’s Wellness Institute and Harvard University have reported the result of a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the first to examine soda’s effect on stroke risk and vascular diseases.

Past studies have linked sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, gout and coronary artery disease, but current research has implicated diet soft drink consumption with increased disease risk and weight gain due to depletion of essential minerals.

Lead study author Dr Adam Bernstein noted “Soda remains the largest source of added sugar in the diet. What we’re beginning to understand is that regular intake of these beverages sets off a chain reaction in the body that can potentially lead to many diseases, including stroke. Researchers analyzed soda consumption among 43,371 men and 84,085 women over a time span of nearly thirty years. During that time, 2,938 strokes were documented in women while 1,416 strokes were documented in men.”

Despite the millions of dollars spent by soda marketers to instill the virtues of drinking soda, there is nothing healthy about consuming any type of carbonated beverage. Moreover, the study did note that drinking coffee was associated with a 10% lower risk of stroke, compared to drinking sweetened beverages.

Regarding low calorie drinks, researchers concluded “older adults who drank diet soda daily had a 43% increased risk of heart attacks or strokes compared to those that never drank diet soda”.

The suggestion is to substitute carbonated beverage consumption with an antioxidant packed cup of green tea or coffee to significantly reduce risk of strokes and vascular diseases.

Alexander’s Gas & Oil Connections Magazine. May 12, 2012 Available at: <http://www.gasandoil.com/oilaround/other/3425a2d6 a41705a0f36cf3796041db1e>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

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Arctic E&P activity heats up

By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor

Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier^(a) is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than 400 fields have been discovered to date in the Arctic, providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest^(b) speaker at a recent conference of the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry since 1940. Reid also affirmed that “There is no doubt^(c) that further^(d) drilling activity in this region could have a major^(e) impact on offshore production in the foreseeable future.”

Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions. Around 114 Bboe are gas reserves, and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil. Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas prospects through 2017 includes current and future offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.

Arctic capital expenditure should increase more than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure, especially during 2013-2015, assuming the Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes a comprehensive development of satellites in the Barents Sea, and joint development of the Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea.

Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant stationary platform designed and built in Russia measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a weight of 117,000 tons, the platform can accommodate a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.

The platform is designed to withstand temperatures that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice formation – the location is typically free from ice for 110 days each year. The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil storage services, along with preparation and shipment of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field. Gazprom expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection system around the platform to secure it to the seabed. The development is targeting annual production of more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated produced gas will be used for the platform’s needs. Production operations are scheduled to start this year.

Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5 Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

Arctic E&P activity heats up

By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor

Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than 400 fields have been discovered to date in the Arctic, providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest speaker at a recent conference of the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry since 1940. Reid also affirmed that “There is no doubt that further drilling activity in this region could have a major impact on offshore production in the foreseeable future.”

Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions. Around 114 Bboe are gas reserves, and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil. Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas prospects through 2017 includes current and future offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.

Arctic capital expenditure should increase more than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure, especially during 2013-2015, assuming the Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes a comprehensive development of satellites in the Barents Sea, and joint development of the Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea.

Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant stationary platform designed and built in Russia measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a weight of 117,000 tons, the platform can accommodate a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.

The platform is designed to withstand temperatures that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice formation – the location is typically free from ice for 110 days each year. The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil storage services, along with preparation and shipment of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field. Gazprom expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection system around the platform to secure it to the seabed. The development is targeting annual production of more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated produced gas will be used for the platform’s needs. Production operations are scheduled to start this year.

Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5 Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

According to Text, the platform will NOT provide

Arctic E&P activity heats up

By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor

Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than 400 fields have been discovered to date in the Arctic, providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest speaker at a recent conference of the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry since 1940. Reid also affirmed that “There is no doubt that further drilling activity in this region could have a major impact on offshore production in the foreseeable future.”

Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions. Around 114 Bboe are gas reserves, and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil. Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas prospects through 2017 includes current and future offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.

Arctic capital expenditure should increase more than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure, especially during 2013-2015, assuming the Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes a comprehensive development of satellites in the Barents Sea, and joint development of the Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea.

Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant stationary platform designed and built in Russia measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a weight of 117,000 tons, the platform can accommodate a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.

The platform is designed to withstand temperatures that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice formation – the location is typically free from ice for 110 days each year. The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil storage services, along with preparation and shipment of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field. Gazprom expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection system around the platform to secure it to the seabed. The development is targeting annual production of more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated produced gas will be used for the platform’s needs. Production operations are scheduled to start this year.

Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5 Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

Arctic E&P activity heats up

By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor

Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than 400 fields have been discovered to date in the Arctic, providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest speaker at a recent conference of the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry since 1940. Reid also affirmed that “There is no doubt that further drilling activity in this region could have a major impact on offshore production in the foreseeable future.”

Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions. Around 114 Bboe are gas reserves, and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil. Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas prospects through 2017 includes current and future offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.

Arctic capital expenditure should increase more than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure, especially during 2013-2015, assuming the Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes a comprehensive development of satellites in the Barents Sea, and joint development of the Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea.

Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant stationary platform designed and built in Russia measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a weight of 117,000 tons, the platform can accommodate a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.

The platform is designed to withstand temperatures that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice formation – the location is typically free from ice for 110 days each year. The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil storage services, along with preparation and shipment of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field. Gazprom expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection system around the platform to secure it to the seabed. The development is targeting annual production of more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated produced gas will be used for the platform’s needs. Production operations are scheduled to start this year.

Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5 Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

Arctic E&P activity heats up

By Jessica Tippee
Assistant Editor

Not Mexico, not Brazil. The next offshore frontier is the Arctic, according to Andrew Reid, CEO of energy analysts Douglas-Westwood Company. “More than 400 fields have been discovered to date in the Arctic, providing reserves in excess of 240 Bboe (billions of barrels of oil equivalent)” Reid said. He was a guest speaker at a recent conference of the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC), an agency that has exclusively represented the worldwide oil and gas drilling industry since 1940. Reid also affirmed that “There is no doubt that further drilling activity in this region could have a major impact on offshore production in the foreseeable future.”

Meanwhile, Infield Systems Ltd. has identified more than 130 Bboe in discovered oil, gas, and condensate reserves throughout the offshore arctic and sub-arctic regions. Around 114 Bboe are gas reserves, and 16 Bbbl (billions of barrels) are oil. Infield’s additional report on offshore arctic oil and gas prospects through 2017 includes current and future offshore oil and gas developments within the Arctic Circle, and in the “sub-arctic” regions of Sakhalin Island, the Jeanne d’Arc basin offshore eastern Canada, and the Cook Inlet off Alaska.

Arctic capital expenditure should increase more than $7 billion annually through 2017. Russia, with its reserves, should largely drive this expenditure, especially during 2013-2015, assuming the Shtokman project goes ahead. This project includes a comprehensive development of satellites in the Barents Sea, and joint development of the Prirazlomnoye and Dolginskoye oil fields in the Pechora Sea.

Prirazlomnaya is the first offshore ice-resistant stationary platform designed and built in Russia measuring 126 m (413 ft) wide by 126 m long. With a weight of 117,000 tons, the platform can accommodate a crew of up to 200, and provide year-round operation.

The platform is designed to withstand temperatures that can drop to −50º C (−58º F) during winter, and ice formation – the location is typically free from ice for 110 days each year. The platform will provide drilling, production, and oil storage services, along with preparation and shipment of final products from the Prirazlomnoye field. Gazprom expects to drill up to 40 directional wells. Dutch contractor Tideway has been dumping 100,000 metric tons of stone (110,231 tons) as an erosion protection system around the platform to secure it to the seabed. The development is targeting annual production of more than 6 million tons (43.8 MMbbl). Associated produced gas will be used for the platform’s needs. Production operations are scheduled to start this year.

Offshore Magazine. May 2, 2012 . Volume 72, Issue 5 Available at: <http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-72/issue-5/international-report/arctic-e-p-activity-heats-up.html>. Retrieved on: 9 May 2012. Adapted.

According to Text, it is clear that

METRÓPOLE SUSTENTÁVEL: É POSSÍVEL?

Conversamos com sociólogos, arquitetos, economistas, urbanistas e representantes de organizações internacionais sobre o assunto. Será que estamos fadados a um colapso ou a metrópole sustentável é um conceito viável?

Virou hábito na mídia e, provavelmente, em conversas cotidianas o uso do adjetivo ‘sustentável’. Condomínios, materiais de construção, meios de transporte, edifícios... Tudo pode ser sustentável.

Quando perguntamos a urbanistas e economistas sobre o assunto, o conceito de sustentabilidade aplicado a cidades não se configura unânime. Para alguns urbanistas, um elemento fundamental para ser levado em conta, quando se fala de sustentabilidade urbana, é o futuro. “Uma metrópole sustentável é aquela que, na próxima geração, tenha condições iguais ou melhores que as que temos hoje”, define o presidente do Instituto de Arquitetos do Brasil (IAB). Por ‘condições’ devemos entender os aspectos fundamentais relacionados à vida urbana: habitação, alimentação, saúde, emprego, transporte, educação, água, etc. Além disso, a articulação entre os campos ambiental e social é essencial para o conceito de sustentabilidade urbana.

A primeira condição fundamental para o estabelecimento de uma cidade sustentável é a democratização dos acessos a serviços e equipamentos públicos. Isso significa a redução drástica de todas as formas de desigualdades – social, política, econômica e espacial.

Nesse cenário, para que infraestrutura, segurança, saúde, educação e outros serviços públicos sejam acessíveis em toda a metrópole, a manutenção da cidade se torna cada vez mais cara. É imperativo democratizar o acesso aos serviços básicos de uma metrópole e diminuir as desigualdades. No entanto, como fazer isso quando o dinheiro é limitado? “Conter a expansão urbana”, resume o arquiteto.

A rede de transportes, por exemplo, é um dos aspectos a serem observados na constituição das cidades. Quanto maiores as distâncias a serem percorridas, também maior e mais complexa ela será. A priorização do automóvel faz com que a cidade se expanda horizontalmente, minando as possibilidades de ter áreas não ocupadas, e contribui para a impermeabilização do solo, com a pavimentação contínua. A superestima do automóvel é uma das marcas do subdesenvolvimento, no qual também o transporte coletivo é precário.

Se alguns dados da ONU oferecem um prognóstico positivo do futuro das metrópoles, os urbanistas nos lembram que o destino das cidades pode não ser tão brilhante, se não houver uma mudança mais orgânica. Mudanças estruturais e na ordem do pensamento são fundamentais para que, se não garantida, a sustentabilidade seja ao menos possível.

FRAGA, Isabela. Metrópole sustentável: é possível? Revista Ciência Hoje. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Ciência Hoje, vol. 46, n. 274, setembro de 2010. p. 22-29. Adaptado.

No trecho abaixo, as formas verbais destacadas estão correlacionadas.

“Mudanças estruturais e na ordem do pensamento são fundamentais para que, se não garantida, a sustentabilidade seja ao menos possível.”

Ao substituir a forma verbal são por seriam para expressar uma hipótese, a frase deve ser modificada, de acordo com a norma-padrão, para: