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Questions 32-33 are based on the following passage:
Why 'Run' Is The Most Complex Word in the English Language
BY EMILY PETSKO
English can be hard for other language speakers to learn. To
use just one example, there are at least eight different ways of
expressing events in the future, and conditional tenses are another
matter entirely. For evidence of the many nuances and inconsistencies
of the English tongue, look no further than this tricky poem penned in
1920. (For a sample: “Hiccough has the sound of cup. My advice is to
give up!”)
As author Simon Winchester wrote for The New York Times,
there’s one English word in particular that’s deceptively simple: run. As
a verb, it boasts a record-setting 645 definitions. Peter Gilliver, a
lexicographer and associate editor of the Oxford English Dictionary,
spent nine months sussing out its many shades of meaning.
“You might think this word simply means ‘to go with quick
steps on alternate feet, never having both or (in the case of many
animals) all feet on the ground at the same time,’” Winchester writes.
“But no such luck: that is merely sense, and there are miles to go before
the reader of this particular entry may sleep.”
This wasn’t always the case, though. When the first edition of
the Oxford English Dictionary was published in 1928, the word with the
most definitions was set. However, the word put later outpaced it, and
run eventually overtook them both as the English language's most
complex word. Winchester thinks this evolution is partly due to
advancements in technology (for instance, “a train runs on tracks” and
“an iPad runs apps”).
He believes the widespread use of run—and its intricate web
of meanings—is also a reflection of our times. “It is a feature of our more
sort of energetic and frantic times that set and put seem, in a peculiar
way, sort of rather stodgy, rather conservative,” Gilliver told NPR in an
interview.
So the next time you tell your boss you "want to run an idea"
by them, know that you’re unconsciously expressing your enthusiasm—
as well as all the other subtleties wrapped up in run that previous words
like set failed to capture.
(Available in: http://mentalfloss.com/article/582820/run-most-complex-word-inenglish-
language. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)
Which of the following phrases is true about the the word “run”?
Provas
Questions 32-33 are based on the following passage:
Why 'Run' Is The Most Complex Word in the English Language
BY EMILY PETSKO
English can be hard for other language speakers to learn. To
use just one example, there are at least eight different ways of
expressing events in the future, and conditional tenses are another
matter entirely. For evidence of the many nuances and inconsistencies
of the English tongue, look no further than this tricky poem penned in
1920. (For a sample: “Hiccough has the sound of cup. My advice is to
give up!”)
As author Simon Winchester wrote for The New York Times,
there’s one English word in particular that’s deceptively simple: run. As
a verb, it boasts a record-setting 645 definitions. Peter Gilliver, a
lexicographer and associate editor of the Oxford English Dictionary,
spent nine months sussing out its many shades of meaning.
“You might think this word simply means ‘to go with quick
steps on alternate feet, never having both or (in the case of many
animals) all feet on the ground at the same time,’” Winchester writes.
“But no such luck: that is merely sense, and there are miles to go before
the reader of this particular entry may sleep.”
This wasn’t always the case, though. When the first edition of
the Oxford English Dictionary was published in 1928, the word with the
most definitions was set. However, the word put later outpaced it, and
run eventually overtook them both as the English language's most
complex word. Winchester thinks this evolution is partly due to
advancements in technology (for instance, “a train runs on tracks” and
“an iPad runs apps”).
He believes the widespread use of run—and its intricate web
of meanings—is also a reflection of our times. “It is a feature of our more
sort of energetic and frantic times that set and put seem, in a peculiar
way, sort of rather stodgy, rather conservative,” Gilliver told NPR in an
interview.
So the next time you tell your boss you "want to run an idea"
by them, know that you’re unconsciously expressing your enthusiasm—
as well as all the other subtleties wrapped up in run that previous words
like set failed to capture.
(Available in: http://mentalfloss.com/article/582820/run-most-complex-word-inenglish-
language. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)
What can be stated about the passage?
Provas
Schools of thought: can mindfulness lessons boost child
mental health?
Children are taking 10 minutes out from the hurly burly school
day to reflect on their thoughts and their feelings. Some ground
themselves by thinking about their feet on the floor, while others
concentrate on their breathing.
This is mindfulness, the lessons quickly growing in popularity
as an antidote to the stress of being a young person in the 21st century,
be it pressure to perform in exams, social media, or the obsession with
body image that is reported to even affect primary age children.
Children are learning about their brains and how to deal with
unruly thoughts – to control emotions such as anger and fear. It is no
longer head, shoulders, knees and toes, but amygdala, hippocampus
and pre-frontal cortex.
The most recent NHS survey of young people’s mental health
in 2017 shows one-in-eight 5- to 19-year-olds in England has a
diagnosable mental health condition. Hospital admissions for anorexia
alone more than doubled in the eight years to 2017/18.
Stress is a known barrier to learning and a growing number of
schools are targeting the emotional health of pupils through schemes
such as meditation, mindfulness and the provision of mental health first
aiders and buddies.
The Mental Health Foundation charity wants emotional
wellbeing to be at the heart of the school curriculum, and has chosen
body image as the key theme of this year’s Mental Health Awareness
Week. Dr Antonis Kousoulis, its assistant director, said its survey last
year found 47% of people aged 18-24 had experienced stress over their
body image to the extent of being overwhelmed or unable to cope.
“Social media has certainly played a part,” he says. “Historically, it was
the mirror that was the main driver of perception of our image and how
we thought others perceived us. Nowadays, young people are exposed
almost on a 24/7 basis to manipulated and heavily edited images,
whether that’s in advertising or photos of their friends.”
Over the past five years there has been a proliferation of
mindfulness organisations and companies selling lesson plans and staff
training to schools. But does it work?
Secondary school teacher Richard Burnett, who founded the
Mindfulness in Schools Project 10 years ago, warns against “quick fix”
approaches. “We are a charity started by teachers who wanted to teach
children how best to manage their thoughts and feelings and deal with
the rollercoaster of being a young person,” he says.
It has two training courses for teachers – one aimed at
secondary students and another for younger classes. “It’s about training
your attention to notice what is going on. If you are aware of that, you
can choose how to respond, for example to manage the amygdala, the
part of the brain that detects fear and prepares a response,” he says.
Emotional disorders are on the rise, and we should instil
something in our children and young people about coping with stress,
advises Lee Hudson, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child
Health’s mental health lead. But should it be mindfulness? There is
evidence that the process can bring benefits to adults, he says. “[But]
the evidence for its effectiveness with children is not yet sufficiently
robust and we need more research. However, some schools are rolling
it out and children seem to enjoy it – and it unlikely to cause harm.”
(Available in: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/may/16/mindfulnesslessons-
child-mental-health. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)
Which of the following statement is true about the narrative text?
Provas
Based on the concepts and applicability of English for specific purposes (ESP), it can be stated that
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According to the textual genres, it can be stated that
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Questions 21-23 are based on the following passage:
Assessing learners’ oral skills are considered as a crucial
process in most EFL teaching and learning programs. However, it
can be challenging for teachers to make a valid, reliable, and fair
assessment. This study aimed to investigate Saudi college students’
and teachers’ point of views toward the effectiveness of oral
assessment techniques used to assess learners speaking-skills in
the EFL classroom. Two different questionnaires were administered
to 12 EFL teachers and forty-two students’ who are majoring in
English at the Languages and Translation College at King Saud
University. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from
respondents, treated statistically, analyzed and revealed in the
following sections. The findings of the study revealed that EFL
teachers are using a variety of communicative oral assessment
techniques and are utilizing effective assessment procedures in
assessing their students’ speaking skills. For students, the results
revealed that students are generally satisfied with the assessment
techniques and procedures that, teachers use in assessing their
language performance. Recommendations and suggestions are
offered for all concerned parties.
(Available in:
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/view/0/390
Accessed on May 16th, 2019. Adapted.)
What can be stated about the result of the research?
Provas
Questions 21-23 are based on the following passage:
Assessing learners’ oral skills are considered as a crucial
process in most EFL teaching and learning programs. However, it
can be challenging for teachers to make a valid, reliable, and fair
assessment. This study aimed to investigate Saudi college students’
and teachers’ point of views toward the effectiveness of oral
assessment techniques used to assess learners speaking-skills in
the EFL classroom. Two different questionnaires were administered
to 12 EFL teachers and forty-two students’ who are majoring in
English at the Languages and Translation College at King Saud
University. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from
respondents, treated statistically, analyzed and revealed in the
following sections. The findings of the study revealed that EFL
teachers are using a variety of communicative oral assessment
techniques and are utilizing effective assessment procedures in
assessing their students’ speaking skills. For students, the results
revealed that students are generally satisfied with the assessment
techniques and procedures that, teachers use in assessing their
language performance. Recommendations and suggestions are
offered for all concerned parties.
(Available in:
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/view/0/390
Accessed on May 16th, 2019. Adapted.)
What can be inferred from the passage?
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Os ciclos biogeoquímicos garantem a circulação de elementos do meio biótico para o meio abiótico, garantindo assim, a manutenção dos ecossistemas. Sobre os ciclos biogeoquímicos, analise as seguintes afirmações:
I.Uma das etapas do ciclo do nitrogênio é a fixação do nitrogênio, por meio da utilização do nitrogênio atmosférico + oxigênio, com produção de nitrito. O nitrito, por sua vez, será transformado em amônia, no processo de nitrificação.
II.No ciclo da água, o sol é o responsável pelo processo da evaporação. Neste caso, o vapor de água condensa-se, forma as nuvens, que posteriormente sofrerão a precipitação na forma de chuva, com o retorno dessa água para o solo, rios, lagos e oceanos.
III.No ciclo do carbono, o gás carbônico retorna à atmosfera e à hidrosfera por meio da respiração celular de produtores e consumidores e pela atividade de decomposição realizada pelas bactérias e fungos.
IV.No ciclo do oxigênio, o oxigênio é produzido durante a síntese das moléculas orgânicas pela respiração e é consumido quando essas moléculas são oxidadas na fotossíntese.
Assinale
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