Em relação à estrutura do banco de dados relacional, podemos afirmar que:

Knowledge storage versus knowledge access

There is always the possibility that knowledge of a language is a single entity but one can develop it and have access to it in two different ways. Hence, for example, if I can produce questions like ‘What am I doing?’, this means at the very least that I have some intuitive knowledge of English interrogatives. If I can talk about it and perhaps even give a rule, this means that I have explicit knowledge of this area of the language. But it is the same knowledge as the intuitive knowledge: I have simply uncovered it, i.e. made it ‘visible’ to conscious analysis. I can also acquire new knowledge either intuitively or by using my conscious analysis. This third, commonsense, which lay understanding of the knowledge as a single store may also be shared by many researchers. Most of the literature on the topic has, however, tended to support some idea of two separate knowledge stores, the argument being about whether they can influence one another and, if so, how.

According to which proposals that one favoured, one could see Interlanguage knowledge as consisting of:

(1) two entirely different non-interacting kinds of knowledge;

(2) two entirely different kinds of knowledge but still capable of influencing one another;

(3) the same knowledge but one which could be developed and accessed in two different ways (intuitively and consciously)

Source; SMITH, Michael Sharwood. Second Language Learning: theoretical foundations. New York: Longman, 1994, p. 95.

Tradicionalmente se denomina Alta Idade Média o período do século V ao XI, que corresponde à formação e ao apogeu do feudalismo. Durante a Alta Idade Média três elementos básicos foram primordiais na formação do feudalismo, os quais são

TEXT A

The Natural Order hypothesis is based on research findings (Dulay & Burt, 1974; Fathman, 1975; Makino, 1980 cited in Krashen, 1987) which suggested that the acquisition of grammatical structures follows a 'natural order' which is predictable. For a given language, some grammatical structures tend to be acquired early while others late. This order seemed to be independent of the learners' age, L1 background, conditions of exposure, and although the agreement between individual acquirers was not always 100% in the studies, there were statistically significant similarities that reinforced the existence of a Natural Order of language acquisition. Krashen, however, points out that the implication of the natural order hypothesis is not that a language program syllabus should be based on the order found in the studies. In fact, he rejects grammatical sequencing when the goal is language acquisition.

Available at < http://www.sk.com.br/sk-krash.html> access on June 28th, 2009

TEXT B

One source of deviation from a ‘natural’ order is the learner’s first language. Hakuta and Cancino (1977) have argued that the semantic complexity of the morphemes may vary depending on the learner’s native language. They cited research that indicates that where a second-language learner’s first language does not make the same discriminations as the target language, more difficulty in learning to use these morphemes occurs than is the case for learners whose first language makes the semantic discrimination. Thus, Korean children, whose language has no article equivalents, performed more poorly on the article in morpheme studies than did children whose language, such as Spanish, contains articles. Similarly, longitudinal research showed that a Japanese child had great difficulty with the English definite/indefinite article contrast, presumably because Japanese lacks this semantic discrimination.

Source: McLAUGHLIN, Barry. Theories of Second Language Learning: second language acquisition. London: Arnold, 1987, p 32-33.

Now, read the statements below considering the information in texts A and B.

I. Since evidence of transfer from the first language has been obtained in a number of studies dealing with acquisitional sequences, supporting the fact that children will use first-language structures to solve the riddle of second-language forms, and that the different system of their mother tongue does influence the way they acquire a second language, Krashen’s Natural Order Hypothesis does not have enough evidence to be fully supported.

II. Formal instruction does not interfere on learners’ natural course of linguistic development. This explains why errors occur, and why learning experiences are sometimes unsuccessful, no matter how differently the learning situations are presented.

III. The research presented in text B invalidates Krashen’s Natural Hypothesis, proving that it is not possible to predict the order of acquisition of language aspects.

IV. If the Natural Order Hypothesis is to be accepted, it must be in a weak form. It is plausible to say that some things are learned before others, but not always, since individual learning strategies, to name one example factor, indicate a much greater complexity than Krashen has acknowledged.

It is possible to say that the CORRECT statement(s) is (are)

A semiologia de C. S. Peirce foi adaptada à História da Arte por Normam Bryson, um crítico com formação em literatura comparada e lingüística. O semiologista em História da Arte busca variedades fundamentais possíveis de semioses ou de padrões de comunicação, por meio de uma dentre três idéias preestabelecidas. Quais são as três idéias estabelecidas pelos semiologistas da História da Arte?

Em relação aos fluidos hidráulicos, afirma-se:

I. A viscosidade dos fluidos hidráulicos aumenta com o aumento de temperatura.

II. O fluido de água-glicol resistente ao fogo é uma solução de glicol (anticongelante) e água.

III. Os inibidores de corrosão protegem as superfícies de metal do ataque de ácidos e material oxidante.

Está(ão) CORRETA(S) a(s) afirmativa(s)

Knowledge storage versus knowledge access

There is always the possibility that knowledge of a language is a __________ but one can develop it and have access to it in two different ways. Hence, for example, if I can produce questions like ‘What am I doing?’, this means at the very least that I have some __________ of English interrogatives. If I can talk about it and perhaps even give a rule, this means that I have __________ of this area of the language. But it is the same knowledge as the intuitive knowledge: I have simply uncovered it, i.e. made it ‘visible’ to __________. I can also acquire new knowledge either intuitively or by using my conscious analysis. This third, commonsense, which lay understanding of the knowledge as a single store may also be shared by many researchers. Most of the literature on the topic has, however, tended to support some idea of two separate knowledge stores, the argument being about whether they can influence one another and, if so, how.

According to which proposals that one favoured, one could see Interlanguage knowledge as consisting of:

(1) two entirely different non-interacting kinds of knowledge;

(2) two entirely different kinds of knowledge but still capable of influencing one another;

(3) the same knowledge but one which could be developed and accessed in two different ways (intuitively and consciously)

Source; SMITH, Michael Sharwood. Second Language Learning: theoretical foundations. New York: Longman, 1994, p. 95.

The sequence of expressions that respectively complete the blanks in this text correctly is

To travel or not to travel? A Swine Flu Dilemma

Fearing that their vacations could comprise of surf, sand and swine flu, potential travelers are turning to health organizations for guidance on whether to pack their bags or stay home. And while opinions from health officials have come thick and fast, their often contradictory advice doesn’t make it any easier to decide whether to fly or not to fly.

On Monday, the European Union’s health commissioner Androulla Vassiliou told reporters in Luxembourg that she was ‘’not worried at this stage’’ about a pandemic sweeping across Europe, but she urged travelers to avoid Mexico and the United States anyway. That prompted a swift rebuke from Richard Besser, the acting director of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, who rejected her advisory as ‘’quite premature’’. Even so, the CDC website ‘’recommends that U.S. travelers avoid all nonessential travel to Mexico”. As for the World Health Organization, it’s calling on nations to keep their borders open and to avoid restricting international travel, and emphasizes that a pandemic is not evitable. Despite that plea, Argentina and Cuba have suspended all flights from Mexico, and tour operators and airlines across the globe – including some based in Canada, Germany and the U.K. – have canceled flights and holiday packages to sunshine destinations like Cancún and Cozumel.

Available at < http://www.time.com/health/article/0,8599,1894660,00.html/ >,

visited on June 26, 2009.

Um motor que possui uma polia de 160mm de diâmetro desenvolve 900rpm e move um eixo de transmissão cuja polia tem 300mm de diâmetro. A rotação desse eixo é de

Para remover o serviço de SSH em um servidor Debian Linux, incluído os seus arquivos de configuração, utiliza-se o comando