Magna Concursos

Foram encontradas 292 questões.

2549749 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
When I joined the Foreign Office, I was astonished at the lack of formal preparation for the job. In those days, the Civil and Diplomatic Service entrance exams took place in three stages, by the end of which hundreds of unsuccessful candidates had been knocked out. Only a score or so survived the final stage to be admitted to the Foreign Office.
My induction course lasted about a month. Then, one morning, I was taken to the West and Central Africa Department, told that I would be responsible for French-speaking African countries plus Liberia. And that was that. I was now, at the tender age of twenty-two, a wet-behind-the-ears but fully functioning British diplomat.
I was put unsparingly to the test in my first month. I was summoned to the office of the Minister of State, a genial politician called George Thompson, who was about to receive an official visitor from the Central African Republic. I was there to interpret between English and French. The usual pleasantries of a courtesy call were easy enough to translate. But, just as I was beginning to relax, the official told Thompson that one of the main exports from his country was roselle. What on earth was roselle? With panic rising in my gorge, something made me blurt out “jute”. To my horror, there ensued a lively conversation in which Thompson said “jute” and the African minister said roselle.
After the meeting, I raced back to my office and looked in my dictionary. Roselle was not there. I tried out the mystery word on a French friend, but he had not heard of it either. But the next day, he called back. What was a British minister doing, he asked, talking to a politician from the Central African Republic about a plant that was used as a diuretic and food-colouring agent? My heart sank. I saw my career slipping beneath the waves before it had hardly begun. “Oh, and by the way,” he added, “it’s also used sometimes as a substitute for jute fibre — if that’s of any interest to you.”.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 years of adventure and intrigue: the inside story of british diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 7-9 (adapted ).
Considering the ideas and the vocabulary of text, decide whether the statements below are right or wrong.
After all stages of the Civil and Diplomatic Service entrance exams, the number of candidates admitted was around 20.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549748 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin, espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way. But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, decide whether the following items are right or wrong.
The recruitment policy of the British diplomatic service was designed and planned by elite academics and university intellectuals.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549747 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin, espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way. But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, decide whether the following items are right or wrong.
The excerpt “that you get from diplomats” could be correctly replaced by which one gets from diplomats without this changing the meaning of the text.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549746 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin, espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way. But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, decide whether the following items are right or wrong.
There would be no change in the meaning of the passage from “Often” to “duplicity” if it were replaced by Even though it is often confused with espionage, which is its illegitimate cousin, diplomacy has been linked with misbehaviour and duplicity for centuries.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549745 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin, espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way. But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, decide whether the following items are right or wrong.
The words “clad” and “quaffing” could be correctly replaced by dressed and sipping without this altering the meaning of the sentence, although this substitution would make the text less humorous.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549743 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin, espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way. But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Decide whether the following statements are right or wrong according to text.
For the author, the bad reputation diplomacy holds has to do with the frequent international negotiations in which diplomats deal with foreign officials.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549742 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin, espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way. But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Decide whether the following statements are right or wrong according to text.
It can be correctly concluded from the text that the recruitment methods adopted in the past have fuelled suspicion against diplomats and created a fallacious idea about their work.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549741 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text
Diplomacy has never enjoyed a wholly favourable reputation. Often confused with its clandestine cousin, espionage, it has for centuries been associated with deviousness and duplicity. Only the other day, when I was giving a talk, a woman came up to me afterwards and expressed astonishment that I had actually given straight answers to questions. “I expected”, she said, “the usual wishy-washy that you get from diplomats.” In modern times, diplomacy has also become associated with appeasement of one kind or another, with kowtowing to foreign governments.
These criticisms have acquired the rancid flavour of class warfare, a deeply ingrained British pastime. For centuries, diplomacy recruited from the aristocracy and upper classes. When I joined the Foreign Office in 1966, recruitment had become more widely meritocratic; but it was overwhelmingly a male meritocracy drawn from a few elite universities. Today, the recruitment pool is vastly bigger in every way. But, the old myths persist. The image of a diplomat clad in pinstripes, quaffing champagne, and leading the good life in a magnificent embassy, dies hard.
Christopher Meyer. Getting Our Way: 500 Years of Adventure and Intrigue: the Inside Story of British Diplomacy. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2009, p. 6 (adapted ).
Decide whether the following statements are right or wrong according to text.
It can be correctly inferred from the text that there tends to be presently more female diplomats, as well as diplomats with more diverse social backgrounds, than in 1966.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549740 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Português
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:

Texto

A classe dedicada ao comércio, marcada pela compra e venda de mercadorias ou na colocação de dinheiro, não representava, no Império, o padrão social dominante. Os comerciantes eram, em grande parte, estrangeiros; o ramo mais saliente do comércio, o ligado ao escravo, sujava as mãos dos que com ele enriqueciam. Um título de comendador ou de barão dourava o busto do empresário, mas não o nobilitava, visto que o nobre pertencia a uma camada diversa, composta, sob o ponto de vista profissional ou econômico, de letrados ou senhores de rendas. O homem que traficava — membro da classe lucrativa ou aquisitiva —, para se qualificar socialmente, embriagou-se, perdidamente, na imitação do estilo ou nos traços secundários da classe proprietária e do estamento. Elevava-se, se enriquecido — elevava-se é o termo certo — a uma categoria superior no desfrute ostentatório de rendas, transformando a natureza de seu patrimônio, ou ingressava na política e no governo, preocupado em amortecer a cintilação equívoca da origem. Era quase uma situação colonial, com a ascensão, nem sempre possível no espaço de uma geração, do albardeiro ao círculo dos fidalgos. Em meados do século XIX o velho equilíbrio se rompe, fio a fio, imperceptivelmente, na quebra de secular estrutura econômica e social. Consequência da nova dinâmica, que agita e move a sociedade, será a emancipação de uma classe inteira, até aí pejada, impedida e entorpecida em seus passos. Dentro da consciência do homem que enriqueceu no trato de mercadorias e de valores, haverá agora uma crise. O Dr. Félix (Ressurreição) ou Rubião (Quincas Borba ), aquinhoados pela inesperada herança, trataram de aplicar os bens para que eles lhes proporcionassem renda segura e estável.

Outra é a conduta de Mauá, como será a de Palha (Quincas Borba ), Cotrim (Memórias Póstumas) ou de Santos (Esaú e Jacó). Homens do comércio, não convertem o patrimônio em prestações de renda, mas continuam presos aos seus negócios, perseguindo o infinito, imantados por outros desígnios, alimentados por uma nova sociedade. Mas há a crise. Rubião a vive, já, no último quartel do século, em sentido contrário, atraído pelos lucros do comércio e não pelo comércio. Mauá a sentirá, no sentido autêntico: dos doze aos trinta e dois anos, vergado no balcão e sócio de comerciante, torna-se dono de respeitável fortuna. Fiel à ordem dominante, não a calcula em bons e vistosos contos de réis, mas por sua renda, que seria superior a 50 contos anuais. A renda e não o capital dava a nota de grandeza, de opulência, para encher os olhos e provocar a admiração. “Já se vê que, — confessava, aludindo ao ano de 1846 — ao engolfar-me em outra esfera de atividade, possuía eu uma fortuna satisfatória, que me convidava a desfrutá-la. Travou-se em meu espírito, nesse momento, uma luta vivaz entre o egoísmo, que em maior ou menor dose habita o coração humano, e as ideias generosas que em grau elevado me arrastavam a outros destinos...”. O egoísmo seria a fruição do capital, sem suor e angústias; o impulso contrário, a expansão da economia, que se identificaria, para a classe lucrativa, com o progresso do país. Certo de seu papel dinâmico na sociedade, criando atividades novas e aprimorando as existentes; esse estrato ganha relevo e autonomia, sem que se esconda atrás do biombo, dourado de tradição e respeitabilidade, da classe proprietária. É hostil, como conjunto, ao ócio dos homens de renda e ao prestígio do estamento político, que maneja o poder do alto e de cima, sem consultar-lhe as preferências nem lhe pedir orientação e conselho. Atente-se: a classe lucrativa tem conduta adversa ao estilo de vida da camada dirigente, não obstante a explore, e viva, em grande parte, de seus favores, numa espécie de capitalismo político, dependente e subordinado ao Estado.

Raymundo Faoro. Machado de Assis: a pirâmide e o trapézio. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1974, p. 225-7 (com adaptações).

Julgue o item subsequente, acerca das ideias e das estruturas linguísticas do texto.

Apesar da cacofonia inicial, a correção gramatical e o sentido original do texto seriam mantidos caso o trecho “Um título de comendador ou de barão dourava o busto do empresário, mas não o nobilitava” fosse reescrito da seguinte forma: Comenda de comendador ou de barão dourava o busto de comerciantes, embora não lhes tornasse nobre.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2549739 Ano: 2017
Disciplina: Português
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:

Texto

A classe dedicada ao comércio, marcada pela compra e venda de mercadorias ou na colocação de dinheiro, não representava, no Império, o padrão social dominante. Os comerciantes eram, em grande parte, estrangeiros; o ramo mais saliente do comércio, o ligado ao escravo, sujava as mãos dos que com ele enriqueciam. Um título de comendador ou de barão dourava o busto do empresário, mas não o nobilitava, visto que o nobre pertencia a uma camada diversa, composta, sob o ponto de vista profissional ou econômico, de letrados ou senhores de rendas. O homem que traficava — membro da classe lucrativa ou aquisitiva —, para se qualificar socialmente, embriagou-se, perdidamente, na imitação do estilo ou nos traços secundários da classe proprietária e do estamento. Elevava-se, se enriquecido — elevava-se é o termo certo — a uma categoria superior no desfrute ostentatório de rendas, transformando a natureza de seu patrimônio, ou ingressava na política e no governo, preocupado em amortecer a cintilação equívoca da origem. Era quase uma situação colonial, com a ascensão, nem sempre possível no espaço de uma geração, do albardeiro ao círculo dos fidalgos. Em meados do século XIX o velho equilíbrio se rompe, fio a fio, imperceptivelmente, na quebra de secular estrutura econômica e social. Consequência da nova dinâmica, que agita e move a sociedade, será a emancipação de uma classe inteira, até aí pejada, impedida e entorpecida em seus passos. Dentro da consciência do homem que enriqueceu no trato de mercadorias e de valores, haverá agora uma crise. O Dr. Félix (Ressurreição) ou Rubião (Quincas Borba ), aquinhoados pela inesperada herança, trataram de aplicar os bens para que eles lhes proporcionassem renda segura e estável.

Outra é a conduta de Mauá, como será a de Palha (Quincas Borba ), Cotrim (Memórias Póstumas) ou de Santos (Esaú e Jacó). Homens do comércio, não convertem o patrimônio em prestações de renda, mas continuam presos aos seus negócios, perseguindo o infinito, imantados por outros desígnios, alimentados por uma nova sociedade. Mas há a crise. Rubião a vive, já, no último quartel do século, em sentido contrário, atraído pelos lucros do comércio e não pelo comércio. Mauá a sentirá, no sentido autêntico: dos doze aos trinta e dois anos, vergado no balcão e sócio de comerciante, torna-se dono de respeitável fortuna. Fiel à ordem dominante, não a calcula em bons e vistosos contos de réis, mas por sua renda, que seria superior a 50 contos anuais. A renda e não o capital dava a nota de grandeza, de opulência, para encher os olhos e provocar a admiração. “Já se vê que, — confessava, aludindo ao ano de 1846 — ao engolfar-me em outra esfera de atividade, possuía eu uma fortuna satisfatória, que me convidava a desfrutá-la. Travou-se em meu espírito, nesse momento, uma luta vivaz entre o egoísmo, que em maior ou menor dose habita o coração humano, e as ideias generosas que em grau elevado me arrastavam a outros destinos...”. O egoísmo seria a fruição do capital, sem suor e angústias; o impulso contrário, a expansão da economia, que se identificaria, para a classe lucrativa, com o progresso do país. Certo de seu papel dinâmico na sociedade, criando atividades novas e aprimorando as existentes; esse estrato ganha relevo e autonomia, sem que se esconda atrás do biombo, dourado de tradição e respeitabilidade, da classe proprietária. É hostil, como conjunto, ao ócio dos homens de renda e ao prestígio do estamento político, que maneja o poder do alto e de cima, sem consultar-lhe as preferências nem lhe pedir orientação e conselho. Atente-se: a classe lucrativa tem conduta adversa ao estilo de vida da camada dirigente, não obstante a explore, e viva, em grande parte, de seus favores, numa espécie de capitalismo político, dependente e subordinado ao Estado.

Raymundo Faoro. Machado de Assis: a pirâmide e o trapézio. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1974, p. 225-7 (com adaptações).

Julgue o item subsequente, acerca das ideias e das estruturas linguísticas do texto.

A substituição de “não obstante” por contudo preservaria a correção gramatical e o sentido original do texto.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas