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Consider these anecdotes:

1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:

• Focus on meaning, not correctness.

• Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

• Focus on collaboration and social development.

• Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

• Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

• Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. • Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.

(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne

Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.

Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Consider these anecdotes:

1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:

• Focus on meaning, not correctness.

• Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

• Focus on collaboration and social development.

• Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

• Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

• Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. • Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.

(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne

Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.

Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Consider these anecdotes:

1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:

• Focus on meaning, not correctness.

• Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

• Focus on collaboration and social development.

• Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

• Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

• Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. • Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.

(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne

Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.

Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Consider these anecdotes:

1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…

2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.

There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.

In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:

• Focus on meaning, not correctness.

• Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.

• Focus on collaboration and social development.

• Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.

• Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.

• Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. • Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.

(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne

Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.

Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)

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One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.

Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.

(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.

5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)