Ao nos contar a história dos percalços de um funcionário em ascensão pela burocracia do Brasil imperial, Antonio Candido revisita as questões cruciais de nosso século XIX.

Nascido em um Rio ainda joanino em 1810, Antonio Nicolau Tolentino entrou para o serviço público em 1825, atravessou os anos turbulentos das Regências e do início do Segundo Reinado, falecendo em julho de 1888, logo após a abolição da escravatura. O personagem viveu, portanto, quase todo o período. Em si, o fato não tornaria mais, ou menos, interessante sua trajetória pessoal, não fosse ela significativa o suficiente para revelar a dinâmica social do tempo. Filho de lavradores pobres ou de mãe solteira — não se sabe ao certo —, saiu da obscuridade por esforço próprio, foi reconhecido em seu valor por figurões da política, arranjou um bom casamento entre a elite e terminou seus dias como alto funcionário.

Da roça aos salões de baile na Corte, a subida não foi feita sem ânimo prestativo, hesitações, orgulho das próprias qualidades, espera do momento oportuno e resignação de quem teve de ouvir calado. Tudo isso num quadro social que não lhe garantia qualquer reconhecimento e é uma constante brasileira até hoje. Entretanto, Tolentino não apenas abaixava a cabeça para resguardar sua carreira, como faria um adulador medíocre; havia nele um idealismo, no bom sentido do termo, que obviamente encontrou resistências quando foi posto em prática. O nervo da narrativa de Antonio Candido é o conflito entre as intenções racionais do burocrata e a politicagem ampla, geral e irrestrita.

Não se trata, contudo, de luta do bem contra o mal, pois tal embate tem uma especificação histórica cuja raiz se encontra no próprio surgimento do Brasil como país. Em outras palavras, o Brasil independente afirmava-se como nação moderna, adotava uma Constituição, um Parlamento, fraque e cartola, ao mesmo tempo em que mantinha a maior parte de sua população fora do âmbito da cidadania.

Milton Ohata. “Ascensão à brasileira” - Resenha de Um funcionário
da monarquia: ensaio sobre o segundo escalão, de Antonio Candido.
In: Novos estudos CEBRAP. n.º 34, nov./2002 (com adaptações).

Julgue o item seguinte, relativos às ideias do texto acima.

O autor considera como elemento relevante da narrativa de Antonio Candido o fato de que o percurso biográfico da personagem central do livro revela peculiaridades da dinâmica social brasileira do período monárquico.

The best way to see most of Washington’s monuments and museums is to stroll down the Mall, a greenway crowned by the Capitol and lined with treasure all the way to the Lincoln Memorial. Start by taking the Metro there (orange or blue line to Smithsonian; take the Mall exit out of the station), as parking is impossible. Then choose your own adventure, rambling in and out of museums and staying only as long as you’d like. If you have kids with you, take a break at the old-fashioned carousel in front of the Arts and Industries building, about halfway down the Mall. Or duck into the sculpture garden at the Hirshhorn Museum nearby. There’s a lot to see, so you'll have to prioritize — or chill out and assume you’ll be back one day.

The National Museum of American History is one museum not to be missed on the Mall. Reopened on Nov. 21, 2008, after a two-year renovation, it is a massive collection of all things American — from Abraham Lincoln’s top hat to the Nintendo Game Boy. Another sure thing on the Mall, the National Museum of Natural History has something for everyone in the family. The Hope Diamond is here, along with an insect zoo, an IMAX cinema and a hall full of dinosaurs.

The National Mall. In: Internet: <www.content.time.com> (adapted).

Judge if the translation suggested in each following item is grammatically correct and maintains the meaning of the original text.

“The National Museum of American History is one museum not to be missed on the Mall = O Museu Nacional de História Americana é um museu em que você não vai se perder no Mall.

One of the most important decisions in life is deciding on a job. I first came to this country without knowing any English. Therefore, I had a hard time finding a job. I applied everywhere, but no one called me for a job. For that reason, I attended college and took some classes that helped me to have a good career. Now I have almost gotten my AA degree. After I had attended college for one year, I applied at a shoe store and they hired me right away. My plan is to transfer to the university; after that, I can easily find a better job.

Suzanne W. Woodward. Fun with grammar.
Prentice Hall Regents. p.103 (adapted).

Based on the text, judge the item that follow.

It is correct to infer that the person who tells of his/her experience in the text is a foreigner in the country in which he/she lives.

On June 6, the Guardian and the Washington Post broke the first stories in a series that would expose extraordinary surveillance at home and abroad by the U.S.

National Security Agency in arguably the most important leak of classified intelligence ever. The stories initially detailed the NSA’s program of bulk data collection of Americans’ phone and internet records, but soon exposed U.S. spying against allies and other more traditional espionage targets abroad. NSA-contractor Edward Snowden revealed from Hong Kong that he had handed over hundreds of thousands of documents to reporters, and said he was doing so to prevent the establishment of “turn-key tyranny” in America.

The ensuing revelations and Snowden’s flight to Russia infuriated the Obama administration, which sought his extradition on criminal charges. They also embarrassed the intelligence community and initiated an international discussion on the boundaries of surveillance in this age of instant communication.

The Snowden leaks. Internet: <www.nation.time.com> (adapted).

Judge if the translation suggested in each item grammatically correct and maintains the meaning of the original text.

“On June 6, the Guardian and the Washington Post broke the first stories in a series that would expose extraordinary surveillance at home and abroad by the U.S. National Security Agency in arguably the most important leak of classified intelligence ever” = Em 6 de junho, o Guardian e o Washington Post quebraram os primeiros casos de uma série que exporia a extraordinária vigilância doméstica e internacional pela Agência de Segurança Nacional dos E.U.A. no mais importante vazamento de inteligência já visto.

Ao nos contar a história dos percalços de um funcionário em ascensão pela burocracia do Brasil imperial, Antonio Candido revisita as questões cruciais de nosso século XIX.

Nascido em um Rio ainda joanino em 1810, Antonio Nicolau Tolentino entrou para o serviço público em 1825, atravessou os anos turbulentos das Regências e do início do Segundo Reinado, falecendo em julho de 1888, logo após a abolição da escravatura. O personagem viveu, portanto, quase todo o período. Em si, o fato não tornaria mais, ou menos, interessante sua trajetória pessoal, não fosse ela significativa o suficiente para revelar a dinâmica social do tempo. Filho de lavradores pobres ou de mãe solteira — não se sabe ao certo —, saiu da obscuridade por esforço próprio, foi reconhecido em seu valor por figurões da política, arranjou um bom casamento entre a elite e terminou seus dias como alto funcionário.

Da roça aos salões de baile na Corte, a subida não foi feita sem ânimo prestativo, hesitações, orgulho das próprias qualidades, espera do momento oportuno e resignação de quem teve de ouvir calado. Tudo isso num quadro social que não lhe garantia qualquer reconhecimento e é uma constante brasileira até hoje. Entretanto, Tolentino não apenas abaixava a cabeça para resguardar sua carreira, como faria um adulador medíocre; havia nele um idealismo, no bom sentido do termo, que obviamente encontrou resistências quando foi posto em prática. O nervo da narrativa de Antonio Candido é o conflito entre as intenções racionais do burocrata e a politicagem ampla, geral e irrestrita.

Não se trata, contudo, de luta do bem contra o mal, pois tal embate tem uma especificação histórica cuja raiz se encontra no próprio surgimento do Brasil como país. Em outras palavras, o Brasil independente afirmava-se como nação moderna, adotava uma Constituição, um Parlamento, fraque e cartola, ao mesmo tempo em que mantinha a maior parte de sua população fora do âmbito da cidadania.

Milton Ohata. “Ascensão à brasileira” - Resenha de Um funcionário
da monarquia: ensaio sobre o segundo escalão, de Antonio Candido.
In: Novos estudos CEBRAP. n.º 34, nov./2002 (com adaptações).

Julgue o item seguinte, relativos às ideias do texto acima.

Pela forma como o autor do texto apresenta o livro resenhado, infere-se que Antonio Candido empenhou-se em construir um texto que segue rigorosamente os preceitos da ciência social, procurando entender a vida de um homem comum à luz de teorias sociológicas.

Julgue o item, relativos a aspectos antecedentes à construção de Brasília.

As dimensões e os limites territoriais atuais do Distrito Federal são os mesmos propostos pelo relatório da Comissão Exploradora do Planalto Central chefiada pelo cientista belga Luiz Cruls.

Grinders are hobbyists who modify their own body with technological improvements. Just as you might find hackers tinkering away at software code, grinders dream up ways to tweak their own bodies. One of the most popular upgrades is to implant a microchip under the skin.

Amal Graafstra, a self-described “adventure technologist” is a double implantee — he has a microchip in each hand. In his right hand is a re-writable chip, which can be used to store small amounts of data. By pressing his hand to his phone, information can be downloaded from his body or uploaded into it. The left contains a simple identity number that can be scanned to unlock his front door, log into his computer or even start a motorbike.

For other people, though, the idea of implanting themselves with microchips may conjure up spectres of surveillance and totalitarian control. “Every Hollywood movie has told them that implants are for tracking people,” says Graafsta. “People don’t get that it’s the same exact technology as the card in your wallet. When someone uses a credit card, wireless or not, they are tracked because several other corporations know who they are, when they purchased, how much they spent, and where they spent it.”

Frank Swain. Why I want a microship implant. February
10, 2014. Internet: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the followin item.

According to the text, Hollywood movies are helping people to understand that implants will not be used to track them.

Cosmetic surgery is the science of changing the way a person looks by reshaping a part of his/her body. Throughout times, people have always had the desire to look more beautiful and fashionable. Whatever their age, size, or shape, people have followed fashion in order to look more attractive.

Cosmetic surgery is also used in many countries to improve the appearance of people who have been hurt in fires or in car accidents. Cosmetic surgery is also used to improve the appearance of children who are born with physical problems.

Like any other surgery, cosmetic surgery can be dangerous and painful. It is also somewhat expensive for the average person. But as surgeons find safer, faster and less expensive techniques, people around the world will continue their search for beauty.

Carolyn Duparequier Sardinas & Laurie Betta. North star focus on
reading and writing. Intermediate Longman. p. 161 (adapted).

According to the text, judge the item below.

In “to improve the appearance of children”, “improve” can be correctly replaced with enhance.

A respeito de comunicação e administração de pessoal na administração pública, julgue o item seguinte.

As premissas para garantia da efetividade do Estado incluem o estabelecimento de canais de comunicação efetivos para informações internas ao órgão e externas a ele.

Something about my mother attracts ornithologists. It all started years ago when a couple of them discovered she had a rare species of woodpecker* coming to her bird feeder. They came in the house and sat around the window, exclaiming and taking pictures with big cameras.

There always seemed to be three or four of them wandering around our place, discussing the body fat of hummingbirds**.

In those days, wild turkey were rare, and the pure-strain wild turkeys had begun to interbreed with farmers’ domestic stock. It was extinction by dilution.

One ornithologist had devised a method to compute the ratio of domestic to pure-strain wild turkey in an individual bird by comparing the angle of flight at takeoff and the rate of acceleration. By then, the turkeys were flying low and slow.

It was during that time, when I was six years old, that I caught the measles. I had a high fever, and my mother was worried about me.

Even the ornithologists stayed away — but not out of fear of the measles or respect for a household with sickness.

The fact was, they had discovered a wild turkey nest.

According to the formula, the hen was pure-strain wild — not a little bit of the sluggish domestic bird in her blood — and the ornithologists were camping in the woods, protecting her nest from predators and taking pictures.

One night our phone rang. It was one of the ornithologists. “Does your little girl still have measles?” he asked.

“Yes”, said my mother. “She’s very sick. Her temperature is 39 ºC.”

“I’ll be right over”, said the man.

In five minutes a whole carload of them arrived.

“thirty-nine, did you say? Where is she?” they asked my mother. They went into my room and set a box down on the bed. I was barely conscious, and when I opened my eyes, their worried faces seemed to float out of the darkness like giant, glowing eggs. They removed the cover off me and felt me all over. They consulted in whispers.

“Feels just right, I’d say.”

“Thirty-nine — can’t miss if we tuck them up close and she lies still.”

I closed my eyes then, and after a while the ornithologists disappeared.

The next morning I was better. For the first time in days I could think. The memory of the scientists with their whispered voices and their cool hands was like a dream from another life. But when I pulled down the covers, there staring up at me with wide mouths,were sixteen baby turkeys and the broken pieces of sixteen brown eggs.

Turkeys. In: Internet: <www.tacoma.k12.us> (adapted).

Glossary

* woodpecker = pica-pau

** hummingbirds = beija-flor

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

The expression “sluggish domestic bird” refers to “hummingbirds”.