Questões do Concurso SEDUC-AL - CESPE / CEBRASPE

2152038 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Sinônimos | Synonyms
Gramática - Língua InglesaVerbos | VerbsVerbos modais | Modal verbs

Whatever training is given there should always be a permanent concern about the naturalness and spontaneity of everyday speech rather than an artificial sound production for the sake of preserving a “correct” pronunciation.

This is, in fact, a crucial issue, since if too much care is demanded from the student, this may turn out to be an undesirable blockage to another more important factor, namely, fluency. Perhaps, and even worse, if over-careful pronunciation habits are developed, this will certainly cause difficulties for the oral comprehension, as the students will expect to hear sounds, words and utterances the way they personally produce them.

G.A. Chauvet. Improve Your Pronunciation. Brasília:

Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2005 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

In the first sentence of the text, the word “should” could be correctly replaced with shall.

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152037 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Vocabulário | Vocabulary
Sinônimos | Synonyms

Whatever training is given there should always be a permanent concern about the naturalness and spontaneity of everyday speech rather than an artificial sound production for the sake of preserving a “correct” pronunciation.

This is, in fact, a crucial issue, since if too much care is demanded from the student, this may turn out to be an undesirable blockage to another more important factor, namely, fluency. Perhaps, and even worse, if over-careful pronunciation habits are developed, this will certainly cause difficulties for the oral comprehension, as the students will expect to hear sounds, words and utterances the way they personally produce them.

G.A. Chauvet. Improve Your Pronunciation. Brasília:

Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2005 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

The expression “for the sake of” (first paragraph) means for the purpose of.

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152036 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Vocabulário | Vocabulary
Sinônimos | Synonyms

The history of language study illustrates widely divergent attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech. Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.

The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules, and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written style.

There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing; that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative — mostly based on sounds of speech.

D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

The word “thus” (first paragraph) could be correctly replaced with hitherto.

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152035 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension
Gramática - Língua InglesaPronomes | PronounsPronome demonstrativo | Demonstrative pronoun

The history of language study illustrates widely divergent attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech. Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.

The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules, and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written style.

There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing; that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative — mostly based on sounds of speech.

D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

In the first paragraph, the word “It” (third sentence) refers to “a source of standards” (second sentence).

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152034 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The history of language study illustrates widely divergent attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech. Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.

The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules, and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written style.

There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing; that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative — mostly based on sounds of speech.

D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

The expression “this viewpoint” (third paragraph) refers to the idea that spoken language should follow the same rules as written language to be correct.

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152033 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The history of language study illustrates widely divergent attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech. Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.

The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules, and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written style.

There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing; that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative — mostly based on sounds of speech.

D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

The arguments presented in the third paragraph in favor of a greater emphasis on the study of speech are all based on the idea that spoken language precedes written language.

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152032 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

The history of language study illustrates widely divergent attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech. Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.

The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules, and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written style.

There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing; that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative — mostly based on sounds of speech.

D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

The predominance of written language was unquestioned until the 20^th century.

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152031 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Gramática - Língua InglesaAdjetivos | AdjectivesComparativo e superlativo de adjetivos | Comparative and superlative

General observation suggests that it is those who start to learn English after their school years who are most likely to have serious difficulties in acquiring intelligible pronunciation, with the degree of difficulty increasing markedly with age. This difficulty has nothing to do with intelligence or level of education, or even with knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary.

Of course, there is no simple answer to why pronunciation is so difficult to learn — indeed, there is a whole range of theoretical perspectives on the question. What is generally accepted among psycholinguists and phonologists who specialized in this area is that the difficulty in learning to pronounce a foreign language is cognitive rather than physical, and that it has something to do with the way “raw sound” is categorized or conceptualized in using speech.

Many learners of English as a second language have major difficulties with English pronunciation even after years of learning the language. This often results in them facing difficulties in areas such as finding employment. Up to a certain proficiency standard, the fault which most severely impairs the communication process in EFL/ESL learners is pronunciation, not vocabulary or grammar.

A. Gilakjani and M. Ahmadi. Why is Pronunciation So Difficult to Learn? In: English Language Teaching, Vol. 4, No. 3. Richmond Hill: Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2011 (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

The fragment “most likely” (first paragraph) is an example of the superlative form.

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

2152030 Ano: 2022
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: SEDUC-AL

Provas:

Professor - Inglês
Provas ×

Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension

General observation suggests that it is those who start to learn English after their school years who are most likely to have serious difficulties in acquiring intelligible pronunciation, with the degree of difficulty increasing markedly with age. This difficulty has nothing to do with intelligence or level of education, or even with knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary.

Of course, there is no simple answer to why pronunciation is so difficult to learn — indeed, there is a whole range of theoretical perspectives on the question. What is generally accepted among psycholinguists and phonologists who specialized in this area is that the difficulty in learning to pronounce a foreign language is cognitive rather than physical, and that it has something to do with the way “raw sound” is categorized or conceptualized in using speech.

Many learners of English as a second language have major difficulties with English pronunciation even after years of learning the language. This often results in them facing difficulties in areas such as finding employment. Up to a certain proficiency standard, the fault which most severely impairs the communication process in EFL/ESL learners is pronunciation, not vocabulary or grammar.

A. Gilakjani and M. Ahmadi. Why is Pronunciation So Difficult to Learn? In: English Language Teaching, Vol. 4, No. 3. Richmond Hill: Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2011 (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Although experts have different perspectives on the causes of difficulties in pronunciation, there is a consensus that these difficulties are linked more to the learning process than to physiological features.