Para responder a questão, leia o texto III.
TEXTO III
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, various federal, state and local governments in the United States conducted studies into the numerous sources of air pollution. These studies ultimately attributed a significant portion of air pollution to the automobile, and concluded air pollution is not bounded by local political boundaries. At that time, such minimal emission control regulations as existed in the U.S. were promulgated at the municipal or, occasionally, the state level. The ineffective local regulations were gradually supplanted by more comprehensive state and federal regulations.
(Fonte: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control. Acesso em: 7 jun. 2016)
A tradução mais adequada para o vocábulo sublinhado no enunciado do texto III “the ineffective local regulations were gradually supplanted by more comprehensive state and federal regulations” é