Match the first column to the second column according to what research has established in relation to language leaner and error correction.

I. Repetition

II. Explicit correction

III. Elicitation

IV. Recasts

V. Metalinguistic feedback

VI. Clarification requests

( ) refers to the […] provision of the correct form.

( ) involve the teacher’s reformulation of all or part of a student’s utterance, minus the error.

( ) indicate to students either that their utterance has been misunderstood by the teacher or that the utterance is ill-formed in some way and that repetition or a reformulation is required.

( ) contains comments, information, or questions related to the well-formedness of the student’s utterance, without explicitly providing the correct form.

( ) refers to at least three techniques that teachers use to directly elicit the correct form from the students.

( ) refers to the teacher’s repetition, in isolation, of the student’s erroneous utterance.

LIGHTBOWN, P. M. & SPADA, N. How languages are learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 104-105.