Pode-se afirmar sobre o modelo de regressão linear clássico !$ y_t = \beta_1 + \beta_2 x_t + u_t !$

Item 3 - Quanto maior for a variação da variável explicativa, maior será a precisão com que o coeficiente angular pode ser estimado.

BASED ON YOUR INTERPRETATION OF THE TEXT THAT FOLLOWS, DETERMINE IF EVERY STATEMENT IS RIGHT OR WRONG.

FIRST TEXT

At length, in 1776, our illustrious countryman, Adam Smith, published the “Wealth of Nations” – a work which has done for Political Economy what the Essay of Locke did for the philosophy of mind. In this work, the science was, for the first time, treated in its fullest extent; and the fundamental principles on which the production of wealth depends, established beyond the reach of cavil and dispute. In opposition to the Economists, Dr. Smith has shown that labor is the only source of wealth, and that the wish to augment our fortunes and to rise in the world – a wish that comes with us from the womb, and never leaves us till we go into the grave – is the cause of wealth being saved and accumulated: he has shown that labor is productive of wealth when employed in manufactures and commerce, as well as when it is employed in the cultivation of the land; he has traced the various means by which labor may be rendered most effective; and has given a most admirable analysis and exposition of the prodigious addition made to its powers by its division among different individuals and countries, and by the employment of accumulated wealth, or capital, in industrious undertakings. He has also shown, in opposition to the commonly received opinions of the merchants, politicians, and statesmen of his time, that wealth does not consist in the abundance of gold and silver, but enjoyments of human life; that it is in every case sound policy to leave individuals to pursue their own interest in their own way; that in prosecuting branches of industry advantageous to themselves, they necessarily prosecute such as are, at the same time, advantageous to the public; and that every regulation intended to force industry into particular channels, or to determine the species of commercial intercourse to be carried on between countries, is impolitic and pernicious – injurious to the rights of individuals – and adverse to the progress of real opulence and lasting prosperity.

J. R. McCulloch, on Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire from The Principles of Political Economy, 1830. Reprinted

in: Charles Dickens, Hard Times. W.W. Norton & Co, 1990: 318-319.

The text leads us to conclude that:

Item 1 - To let individuals enjoy themselves is sound policy.

Considere o espaço amostral S, os eventos A e B referentes a S e a medida de probabilidade P.

Item 1 - Se !$ A ⊂ B !$, então !$ P(A|B) ≤ P(A) !$.

Considere o espaço amostral S, os eventos A e B referentes a S e a medida de probabilidade P.

Item 4 - Se P(A|B) = 0 então A e B são independentes.

BASED ON YOUR INTERPRETATION OF THE TEXT THAT FOLLOWS, DETERMINE IF EVERY STATEMENT IS RIGHT OR WRONG.

FIRST TEXT

At length, in 1776, our illustrious countryman, Adam Smith, published the “Wealth of Nations” – a work which has done for Political Economy what the Essay of Locke did for the philosophy of mind. In this work, the science was, for the first time, treated in its fullest extent; and the fundamental principles on which the production of wealth depends, established beyond the reach of cavil and dispute. In opposition to the Economists, Dr. Smith has shown that labor is the only source of wealth, and that the wish to augment our fortunes and to rise in the world – a wish that comes with us from the womb, and never leaves us till we go into the grave – is the cause of wealth being saved and accumulated: he has shown that labor is productive of wealth when employed in manufactures and commerce, as well as when it is employed in the cultivation of the land; he has traced the various means by which labor may be rendered most effective; and has given a most admirable analysis and exposition of the prodigious addition made to its powers by its division among different individuals and countries, and by the employment of accumulated wealth, or capital, in industrious undertakings. He has also shown, in opposition to the commonly received opinions of the merchants, politicians, and statesmen of his time, that wealth does not consist in the abundance of gold and silver, but enjoyments of human life; that it is in every case sound policy to leave individuals to pursue their own interest in their own way; that in prosecuting branches of industry advantageous to themselves, they necessarily prosecute such as are, at the same time, advantageous to the public; and that every regulation intended to force industry into particular channels, or to determine the species of commercial intercourse to be carried on between countries, is impolitic and pernicious – injurious to the rights of individuals – and adverse to the progress of real opulence and lasting prosperity.

J. R. McCulloch, on Adam Smith and Laissez-Faire from The Principles of Political Economy, 1830. Reprinted

in: Charles Dickens, Hard Times. W.W. Norton & Co, 1990: 318-319.

The text permits us to conclude that:

Item 2 - Infringement of the individuals’ right to choose runs contrary to society’s interests.

Indique se a proposição está certo ou errado:

Item 2 - Considere dois países para os quais os parâmetros definem um mesmo estado estacionário. Segundo o modelo de Solow, o país mais pobre tenderá a crescer mais rapidamente do que o mais rico.

Considere um investidor cuja composição da carteira é formada por dois ativos A e B.

Item 4 - Se existir uma correlação negativa perfeita entre os retornos dos ativos A e B, haverá uma particular composição desses ativos que eliminará completamente o risco da carteira.

Nesta questão, assuma que os agentes sejam neutros com relação ao risco (portanto, eles se pautam apenas pelo valor esperado). O nível de produção depende do esforço empreendido pelo trabalhador. Caso este empenhe muito esforço, o nível de produção será de 100 ou 20 unidades, ambos ocorrendo com a mesma probabilidade. Caso empenhe pouco esforço, o nível de produção pode ser de 100 com probabilidade de 20% ou 20 com probabilidade de 80%. O preço do produto é $1 e não há custos associados a insumos. O trabalhador tem uma desutilidade equivalente a $48 para despender muito esforço e $38, para pouco esforço, e tem utilidade de reserva igual a zero.

Item 2 - Em caso de parceria (cada parceiro recebe uma proporção fixa do produto), o trabalhador deve receber pelo menos 90% do lucro.

A evolução da economia brasileira na década de 1950 e até meados dos anos 1960 foi marcada por modificações profundas na política cambial, e cada uma dessas alterações constitui um marco decisivo no processo de desenvolvimento econômico. Assim, é correto afirmar:

Item 4 - A reforma cambial de 1957 extinguiu o Fundo de Ágios e Bonificações gerenciado pelo Banco do Brasil, desvalorizou a taxa de câmbio e unificou o mercado cambial.

Nesta questão, assuma que os agentes sejam neutros com relação ao risco (portanto, eles se pautam apenas pelo valor esperado). O nível de produção depende do esforço empreendido pelo trabalhador. Caso este empenhe muito esforço, o nível de produção será de 100 ou 20 unidades, ambos ocorrendo com a mesma probabilidade. Caso empenhe pouco esforço, o nível de produção pode ser de 100 com probabilidade de 20% ou 20 com probabilidade de 80%. O preço do produto é $1 e não há custos associados a insumos. O trabalhador tem uma desutilidade equivalente a $48 para despender muito esforço e $38, para pouco esforço, e tem utilidade de reserva igual a zero.

Item 0 - Nestas condições não interessa ao empresário contratar o trabalhador pagando um salário fixo.