There have been a number of proposals, of varying degree of practicality, about how best to deal with the problem of foreign currency instability. The reintroduction of capital controls, controls on foreign borrowing, improved accountancy and less cronyism on emerging markets, a tax on capital inflows into emerging markets, a tax on foreign exchange transactions, controls on hedge funds, the reform of the International Monetary Fund so it can perform effectively the function of the lender of the last resort, and even the establishment of a world central bank are among the ideas floated by policymakers who appeared wrong-footed by the unexpected appearance of world financial crisis. Dominique Strauss-Kahn, the French finance minister, has called for the construction of a “new Bretton Woods.”

According to the text, the proposals to deal with the problem of foreign currency instability

Item 1 - are impractical;

São correta a afirmativa:

Item 2 - O processo AR(2), !$ y_t \, = \, \phi_0 \, + \, \phi_1 \, y_{t-1} \, + \, \phi_2 \, y_{t-2} \, + \, e_t, !$ em que !$ e_t !$ é um ruído branco de média nula e variância !$ \sigma^2, !$ será estacionário de segunda ordem se, e somente se, !$ \phi_1 \, < \, 1 !$ e !$ \phi_2 \, < \, 1. !$

Sobre o Programa de Ação Econômica do Governo (PAEG), implementado pelo Governo Castelo Branco, é correto afirmar que:

Item 2 - Teve na política salarial um dos principais componentes da estratégia de combate à inflação, política essa que provocou a redução do salário-mínimo real.

Avalie a afirmativa:

Item 0 - Seja T: !$ R^4 \, \rightarrow \, R^4 !$ um operador linear auto-adjunto. A matriz de T em relação à base canônica de !$ R^4 !$ é simétrica.

Com base no jogo na forma extensiva apresentado abaixo, é correto dizer que:

Item 1 - O perfil de estratégias (b, ( f, h, l)) corresponde a um equilíbrio de Nash desse jogo.

According to the text, Keynes’ concept of “third degree”

Item 1 - is undefined;

When the tide turns against the speculator there is an inevitable loss of liberty. In The Road to Serfdom (first published in 1949), the Austrian economist Friedrich von Hayek declared that state control of foreign exchange dealing was a “decisive advance on the path to totalitarianism and the suppression of the individual liberty.” Hayek believed that from a mixed economy there would be an inevitable progression to socialism. History has proved Hayek wrong. His analysis underestimated the power of speculation, even in quasi-socialist economies, to pull in the opposite direction. Speculation undermined the Bretton Woods system of fixed currencies and, more recently, it has destroyed the state-managed capitalism of Japan and other Asian nations. As an anarchic force, speculation demands continuing government restrictions, but inevitably it will break any chains and run amok. The pendulum swings back and forth between economic liberty and constraint.

According to Hayek,

Item 2 - the power of speculation cannot be underestimated;