Com relação à classificação dos bens (em normal, de luxo, necessário, inferior, comum e de Giffen) e às demandas por esses bens, julgue a questão a seguir:

Item 3 - Suponha que existam apenas dois bens, 1 e 2. Suponha ainda que o bem 1 é um bem comum e que sua demanda é elástica relativamente ao seu próprio preço. Se o bem 1 é um complementar bruto do bem 2, então o bem 1 é um bem normal necessário;

Dentre as transformações ocorridas na economia brasileira a partir dos anos 1990 pode-se arrolar:

Item 3 - elevação da produtividade do setor agrícola e queda da produtividade do setor industrial;

When Edwin Hubble, the astronomer after whom the space telescope is named, looked at the skies in the 1920s using what was then the world’s largest telescope, he found that there were galaxies outside the Milky Way, an observation that profoundly shocked his contemporaries. Max Planck founded quantum theory, and thus wrecked the Newtonian universe. And William Herschel discovered Uranus, the first planet unknown to the astrologers of old. If the new and refurbished instruments named after these scientific mould-breakers do as much in the next few years as their eponyms did, it will, indeed, be an exciting time for astronomy and physics.

The paragraph above tells us about

Item 4 - a new theory that complements Newton's idea of the universe.

Seja !$ f: R^2 \rightarrow R\ !$ diferenciável e homogênea de grau 4, tal que f(1,1)=2. Julgue o item abaixo:

Item 0 - A soma das derivadas parciais de f no ponto (2,2) é igual a 32;

Text 1

Excerpts from:

Fiat's ambitions

The Italian solution

Fiat’s chief executive, Sergio Marchionne,
has gone merger mad

HIS company is among the smallest of the global volume carmakers. But right now Sergio Marchionne is without question the most talked-about car executive in the world. The chief executive of Fiat Group has been alone in seeing an extraordinary opportunity in the meltdown in Detroit. By seeking to take over the running of both Chrysler and Opel, the European arm of General Motors (GM), Mr Marchionne is attempting not only to transform Fiat into a car group almost of the scale of mighty Toyota and Volkswagen (VW), but also to change the face of a perennially troubled industry.

Last December Mr Marchionne said of his stricken industry: “What we are seeing is unprecedented. I have never seen the failure of so many systems at once.” Fiat was in a fight for survival. “We’re just going to slam the brakes on, use as many temporary lay-offs as needed, cut everything back to essentials.” He added an apocalyptic forecast. “By the time we finish with this in the next 24 months, as far as mass producers are concerned, we’re going to end up with one American house [Ford or GM, you presume]; one German of size [VW Group]; one French-Japanese, maybe with an extension in the US [the Renault-Nissan alliance]; one in Japan [Toyota], one in China [several possible candidates] and one potential European player [either Fiat or PSA Peugeot Citroën].”

The details of this vision may be wrong. Despite its present travails and imminent bankruptcy, few believe that GM will vanish and leave Ford as the sole American-owned champion. France’s PSA Peugeot Citroën, though unwieldy, is not about to disappear either. The strength of Hyundai- Kia in emerging markets and North America should ensure that the South Korean producer makes the cut. And in Japan, however great the cull of smaller outfits such as Mitsubishi and Suzuki, Honda and perhaps Mazda will still be around to challenge the dominance of Toyota in its home market. So will Renault’s partner, Nissan.

(…)

Having presided over a near-miraculous turnaround at Fiat since being appointed in 2004, Mr Marchionne saw in Chrysler an opportunity to apply the same lessons. At Fiat he saw a sluggish organisation that lacked leadership and had become accustomed to management by committee. But he also saw, buried within the company, a new generation of leaders.

“The single most important thing was to dismantle the organisational structure,” he recalls. “We tore it apart in 60 days, removing a large number of leaders who had been there a long time and who represented an operating style that lay outside any proper understanding of market dynamics.” In their place he promoted a group of younger executives, many with a background in consumer marketing, who understood and could provide what he wanted: accountability, openness, rapid communication and impatience with hierarchy and internal politics.

Some doubt that Fiat’s lean management has the resources to spread itself across Chrysler, let alone Opel too. Mr Marchionne understands the concern, but rejects it. He believes he already knows who the new leaders at Chrysler will be. He is confident that the same will apply to Opel, should that too fall into his lap.

(…)

(From The Economist print edition, May 7th 2009)

We can infer from the text that last December:

Item 3 - Mr. Marchionne predicted that after 24 months only two American manufacturers, Ford and GM, would be left;

Uma empresa produzindo bolas de futebol possui função de produção !$ Q = 2 \sqrt{KL} !$. Suponha que no curto prazo a quantidade de capital é fixa em !$ \bar{K} = 100 !$, e seja L a quantidade de trabalho. Responda V ou F à seguinte alternativa:

Item 2 - No curto prazo, a curva de custo fixo médio é decrescente;

Responda se verdadeiro ou falso:

Item 2 - Sejam !$ s_1^2 = \sum_{i=1}^n ( x_i- \bar{x})^2/n !$ e !$ s_2^2 = \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i)^2/n !$. Ambos estimadores podem ser demonstrados consistentes para !$ \sigma^2 !$, supondo uma amostra aleatória de !$ X \sim N ( \mu, \sigma^2) !$;

Sobre Números-Índices podemos dizer que:

Item 2 - Não pode ser obtido um índice de preços de Laspeyres que respeita o critério de circularidade, mesmo usando bases móveis;

Julgue a seguinte afirmativa:

Item 0 - Pode haver apreciação real da moeda de um país, sem que haja apreciação nominal da mesma;

Julgue a afirmativa:

Item 2 - Se !$ f(x,y) = \int\limits_{x}^{y} e^{cos} dt !$ , então !$ { \Large { \partial f \over \partial x}} ( x,y) -e^{cos\,x} !$;