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Hypoallergenic cosmetics
For the past four years, the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has been working to clear up this
confusion of claims by establishing testing requirements that
would determine which products really are hypoallergenic. But
late last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia ruled that FDA’s regulation defining hypoallergenic
was invalid. This means there is now no regulation specifically
defining or governing the use of the term hypoallergenic or
similar claims. And because of the lengthy procedural steps
required to establish a new regulation that is likely to be the
situation for some time to come.
Where does that leave consumers?
Consumers concerned about allergic reactions from
cosmetics should understand one basic fact: there is no such
thing as a non-allergenic cosmetic — that is, cosmetic that can
be guaranteed never to produce an allergic reaction.
By and large, the basic ingredients in so-called
hypoallergenic cosmetics are the same as those used in other
cosmetics sold for the same purposes. Years ago, some
cosmetics contained harsh ingredients that had a high potential
for causing adverse reactions. B ut these ingredients are no
longer used. FDA knows of no scientific studies which show
that hypoallergenic cosmetics or products making similar
claims actually cause fewer adverse reactions than competing
conventional products.
Margaret Morrison. Internet: www.fda.gov (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
Manufacturers of cosmetics can never assure consumers that their new products are totally allergy-free.
Provas
Hypoallergenic cosmetics
For the past four years, the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has been working to clear up this
confusion of claims by establishing testing requirements that
would determine which products really are hypoallergenic. But
late last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia ruled that FDA’s regulation defining hypoallergenic
was invalid. This means there is now no regulation specifically
defining or governing the use of the term hypoallergenic or
similar claims. And because of the lengthy procedural steps
required to establish a new regulation that is likely to be the
situation for some time to come.
Where does that leave consumers?
Consumers concerned about allergic reactions from
cosmetics should understand one basic fact: there is no such
thing as a non-allergenic cosmetic — that is, cosmetic that can
be guaranteed never to produce an allergic reaction.
By and large, the basic ingredients in so-called
hypoallergenic cosmetics are the same as those used in other
cosmetics sold for the same purposes. Years ago, some
cosmetics contained harsh ingredients that had a high potential
for causing adverse reactions. B ut these ingredients are no
longer used. FDA knows of no scientific studies which show
that hypoallergenic cosmetics or products making similar
claims actually cause fewer adverse reactions than competing
conventional products.
Margaret Morrison. Internet: www.fda.gov (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
The FDA will very soon establish a new regulation defining what hypoallergenic is.
Provas
Hypoallergenic cosmetics
For the past four years, the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has been working to clear up this
confusion of claims by establishing testing requirements that
would determine which products really are hypoallergenic. But
late last year, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia ruled that FDA’s regulation defining hypoallergenic
was invalid. This means there is now no regulation specifically
defining or governing the use of the term hypoallergenic or
similar claims. And because of the lengthy procedural steps
required to establish a new regulation that is likely to be the
situation for some time to come.
Where does that leave consumers?
Consumers concerned about allergic reactions from
cosmetics should understand one basic fact: there is no such
thing as a non-allergenic cosmetic — that is, cosmetic that can
be guaranteed never to produce an allergic reaction.
By and large, the basic ingredients in so-called
hypoallergenic cosmetics are the same as those used in other
cosmetics sold for the same purposes. Years ago, some
cosmetics contained harsh ingredients that had a high potential
for causing adverse reactions. B ut these ingredients are no
longer used. FDA knows of no scientific studies which show
that hypoallergenic cosmetics or products making similar
claims actually cause fewer adverse reactions than competing
conventional products.
Margaret Morrison. Internet: www.fda.gov (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia decided that few of the cosmetic products available in the market could be called allergy-free.
Provas
W hen cases of avian influenza in humans occur,
information on the extent of influenza infection in animals as
well as in humans and on circulating influenza viruses is
urgently needed to aid the assessment of risks to public health
and to guide the best protective measures. Thorough
investigation of each case is also essential. Although the
W orld Health Organization and the members of its global
influenza network, together with other international agencies,
can assist with many of these activities, the successful
containment of public health risks also depends on the
epidemiological and laboratory capacity of affected countries
and the adequacy of surveillance systems already in place.
Internet: http://www.who.int/csr/don (with adaptations).
Judge the following items, related to the text above.
The expression “in place” (l.12) can be correctly replaced by operating.
Provas
W hen cases of avian influenza in humans occur,
information on the extent of influenza infection in animals as
well as in humans and on circulating influenza viruses is
urgently needed to aid the assessment of risks to public health
and to guide the best protective measures. Thorough
investigation of each case is also essential. Although the
W orld Health Organization and the members of its global
influenza network, together with other international agencies,
can assist with many of these activities, the successful
containment of public health risks also depends on the
epidemiological and laboratory capacity of affected countries
and the adequacy of surveillance systems already in place.
Internet: http://www.who.int/csr/don (with adaptations).
Judge the following items, related to the text above.
The avian flu affects not only birds but also people.
Provas
W hen cases of avian influenza in humans occur,
information on the extent of influenza infection in animals as
well as in humans and on circulating influenza viruses is
urgently needed to aid the assessment of risks to public health
and to guide the best protective measures. Thorough
investigation of each case is also essential. Although the
W orld Health Organization and the members of its global
influenza network, together with other international agencies,
can assist with many of these activities, the successful
containment of public health risks also depends on the
epidemiological and laboratory capacity of affected countries
and the adequacy of surveillance systems already in place.
Internet: http://www.who.int/csr/don (with adaptations).
Judge the following items, related to the text above.
“Thorough” (l.5) is the same as complete, detailed, exhaustive.
Provas
W hen cases of avian influenza in humans occur,
information on the extent of influenza infection in animals as
well as in humans and on circulating influenza viruses is
urgently needed to aid the assessment of risks to public health
and to guide the best protective measures. Thorough
investigation of each case is also essential. Although the
W orld Health Organization and the members of its global
influenza network, together with other international agencies,
can assist with many of these activities, the successful
containment of public health risks also depends on the
epidemiological and laboratory capacity of affected countries
and the adequacy of surveillance systems already in place.
Internet: http://www.who.int/csr/don (with adaptations).
Judge the following items, related to the text above.
Minimizing public health risks effectively should be very simple: all a country has to do is to control and research about diseases in general and prevent infected foods or animals from entering its territory.
Provas
If you’re concerned or dissatisfied with how food is
labeled, you can either contact the shop where you bought the
product, or the maker, packer or seller, whose name and address
details should be on the label.
If you think a product is labeled with false or
misleading information, contact your local trading standards or
environmental health department with the details.
If you get food poisoning, let your environmental
health department and your medical doctor know.
The Food Standards Agency is a Great Britain-wide,
independent government agency which provides advice and
information to the public and government on food safety,
nutrition and diet.
This agency was created to protect the interests of
consumers and its guiding principles are to
- put the consumer first;
- be open and accessible;
- be an independent voice.
The Agency’s advice is based on the best scientific
evidence available from independent expert advisory
committees, and all its advice is made public.
Internet: http://www.healthyliving.gov.uk (with adaptations).
Based on the text above and on your capacity to draw inferences from it, judge the following items.
The Food Standards Agency is especially concerned with consumers’ spontaneous reactions to misleading or false information that packers and sellers use when labeling their goods.
Provas
If you’re concerned or dissatisfied with how food is
labeled, you can either contact the shop where you bought the
product, or the maker, packer or seller, whose name and address
details should be on the label.
If you think a product is labeled with false or
misleading information, contact your local trading standards or
environmental health department with the details.
If you get food poisoning, let your environmental
health department and your medical doctor know.
The Food Standards Agency is a Great Britain-wide,
independent government agency which provides advice and
information to the public and government on food safety,
nutrition and diet.
This agency was created to protect the interests of
consumers and its guiding principles are to
- put the consumer first;
- be open and accessible;
- be an independent voice.
The Agency’s advice is based on the best scientific
evidence available from independent expert advisory
committees, and all its advice is made public.
Internet: http://www.healthyliving.gov.uk (with adaptations).
Based on the text above and on your capacity to draw inferences from it, judge the following items.
Some of the information collected by the Food Standards Agency is so alarming or potentially dangerous that it prefers not to inform the general public about it, so that there will be no panic.
Provas
If you’re concerned or dissatisfied with how food is
labeled, you can either contact the shop where you bought the
product, or the maker, packer or seller, whose name and address
details should be on the label.
If you think a product is labeled with false or
misleading information, contact your local trading standards or
environmental health department with the details.
If you get food poisoning, let your environmental
health department and your medical doctor know.
The Food Standards Agency is a Great Britain-wide,
independent government agency which provides advice and
information to the public and government on food safety,
nutrition and diet.
This agency was created to protect the interests of
consumers and its guiding principles are to
- put the consumer first;
- be open and accessible;
- be an independent voice.
The Agency’s advice is based on the best scientific
evidence available from independent expert advisory
committees, and all its advice is made public.
Internet: http://www.healthyliving.gov.uk (with adaptations).
Based on the text above and on your capacity to draw inferences from it, judge the following items.
It can be infered from the text that food poisoning may be connected with misleading or false information printed on food products.
Provas
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