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O diagrama de fases de uma substância pura apresenta as combinações de temperatura e pressão necessárias para a existência de diferentes equilíbrios de fase de uma substância pura. O estado do sistema, para quaisquer pontos localizados sobre a curva que liga os pontos triplo e crítico, é bifásico, sendo composto por:
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A viscosidade é uma grandeza que relaciona tensão de cisalhamento à taxa de deformação de um fluido, sendo nula para fluidos ideais e diferente de zero para fluidos não ideais, pois fluidos ideais:
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A quantidade de calor trocado, por condução, entre dois fluidos com temperaturas 50ºF e 25ºF, separados por uma parede composta de área 26 ft², cuja resistência térmica total à troca de calor, por condução, vale 5 ºFft2 (btu/h)⁻¹, é:
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Considere a combustão completa de 1 mol de etino, com quantidade estequiométrica de oxigênio e 100% de conversão. Se parte do calor liberado for utilizado para aquecer os produtos da reação, de 25ºC até 50°C, o calor obtido no processo, em kJ, é de, aproximadamente:
DADOS: Entalpias-padrão de formação, em kJ/mol: C2H2(g) = 227, CO2(g) = –393, H2O(l) = –286; Capacidades caloríficas molares a volume constante, em J/mol.K: CO2(g) = 45, H2O(l) = 75
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1 g de um sal foi adicionado em um calorímetro contendo 25 mL de água pura, inicialmente a 25ºC. Observou-se que a temperatura da água, após a dissolução do sal, atingiu o valor de 20°C. Admitindo que a capacidade térmica do calorímetro seja desprezível, o calor de dissolução do sal, em kJ/g, é:
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Uma amostra de 10 kg de gás natural, contendo 96% de metano, foi queimada com 580 kg de ar seco, contendo apenas oxigênio e nitrogênio. Considerando combustão completa e conversão de 100%, as quantidades de dióxido de carbono e de água obtidas, em mol, a quantidade de oxigênio remanescente, em mol, e a porcentagem de ar em excesso utilizada, em %, foram:
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A densidade é uma propriedade das substâncias que pode ser especificada sem referência a qualquer outra substância. Isso permite que tal propriedade seja utilizada para identificar as substâncias. Dessa forma, pode-se dizer que a densidade é exemplo de propriedade:
Provas
The World of AI
How libraries are integrating and navigating this powerful technology
A hot topic in many industries, generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) has increasingly occupied our cultural consciousness since the large language model ChatGPT debuted for public use in November 2022. Some libraries are playing a unique role in charting a path through this new technological territory as the boundaries of AI’s uses and impacts continue to shift.
“Librarians are asking if AI will render us obsolete — it won’t,” says Nick Tanzi, library technology consultant, author, and assistant director of South Huntington Public Library in Huntington Station, New York. “We are information professionals, and our information landscape has just grown in complexity.”
AI’s critics have sounded the alarm about the models’ tendency to reinforce and amplify any biases found in the data they are trained on. Others have raised concerns about false information and privacy, as well as plagiarism and copyright, issues of particular concern to academic and school libraries. How can users be sure the output generated by AI tools is legal, ethical, and accurate?
“There’s an old saying: ‘Garbage in, garbage out,’” says Elissa Malespina, teacher-librarian at Union (N.J.) High School, who writes the AI School Librarians Newsletter. “In the world of AI, it’s a matter of ‘data in, data out.’ Make sure you’ve got a clear sense of not just how AI operates but also where it’s drawing its knowledge from. It’s all about being an informed user.”
American Libraries spoke with five technology experts, educators, and librarians who are pioneering the use of generative AI at their institutions. They discuss how it’s being used in libraries, what ethical concerns have emerged, and how librarians can educate their communities on navigating these powerful technologies.
By Emily Udell | March 1, 2024 Fonte: https//americanlibrariesmagazine.org Acessado em: 16/01/2026. Acesso em 16/01/2026.
A partir da leitura do texto "The World of AI", de Emily Udell, pode-se afirmar que:
Provas
The World of AI
How libraries are integrating and navigating this powerful technology
A hot topic in many industries, generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) has increasingly occupied our cultural consciousness since the large language model ChatGPT debuted for public use in November 2022. Some libraries are playing a unique role in charting a path through this new technological territory as the boundaries of AI’s uses and impacts continue to shift.
“Librarians are asking if AI will render us obsolete — it won’t,” says Nick Tanzi, library technology consultant, author, and assistant director of South Huntington Public Library in Huntington Station, New York. “We are information professionals, and our information landscape has just grown in complexity.”
AI’s critics have sounded the alarm about the models’ tendency to reinforce and amplify any biases found in the data they are trained on. Others have raised concerns about false information and privacy, as well as plagiarism and copyright, issues of particular concern to academic and school libraries. How can users be sure the output generated by AI tools is legal, ethical, and accurate?
“There’s an old saying: ‘Garbage in, garbage out,’” says Elissa Malespina, teacher-librarian at Union (N.J.) High School, who writes the AI School Librarians Newsletter. “In the world of AI, it’s a matter of ‘data in, data out.’ Make sure you’ve got a clear sense of not just how AI operates but also where it’s drawing its knowledge from. It’s all about being an informed user.”
American Libraries spoke with five technology experts, educators, and librarians who are pioneering the use of generative AI at their institutions. They discuss how it’s being used in libraries, what ethical concerns have emerged, and how librarians can educate their communities on navigating these powerful technologies.
By Emily Udell | March 1, 2024 Fonte: https//americanlibrariesmagazine.org Acessado em: 16/01/2026. Acesso em 16/01/2026.
Em “They discuss how it’s being used in libraries, what ethical concerns have emerged, and how librarians can educate their communities on navigating these powerful technologies" (5º parágrafo), o pronome destacado refere-se a:
Provas
The World of AI
How libraries are integrating and navigating this powerful technology
A hot topic in many industries, generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) has increasingly occupied our cultural consciousness since the large language model ChatGPT debuted for public use in November 2022. Some libraries are playing a unique role in charting a path through this new technological territory as the boundaries of AI’s uses and impacts continue to shift.
“Librarians are asking if AI will render us obsolete — it won’t,” says Nick Tanzi, library technology consultant, author, and assistant director of South Huntington Public Library in Huntington Station, New York. “We are information professionals, and our information landscape has just grown in complexity.”
AI’s critics have sounded the alarm about the models’ tendency to reinforce and amplify any biases found in the data they are trained on. Others have raised concerns about false information and privacy, as well as plagiarism and copyright, issues of particular concern to academic and school libraries. How can users be sure the output generated by AI tools is legal, ethical, and accurate?
“There’s an old saying: ‘Garbage in, garbage out,’” says Elissa Malespina, teacher-librarian at Union (N.J.) High School, who writes the AI School Librarians Newsletter. “In the world of AI, it’s a matter of ‘data in, data out.’ Make sure you’ve got a clear sense of not just how AI operates but also where it’s drawing its knowledge from. It’s all about being an informed user.”
American Libraries spoke with five technology experts, educators, and librarians who are pioneering the use of generative AI at their institutions. They discuss how it’s being used in libraries, what ethical concerns have emerged, and how librarians can educate their communities on navigating these powerful technologies.
By Emily Udell | March 1, 2024 Fonte: https//americanlibrariesmagazine.org Acessado em: 16/01/2026. Acesso em 16/01/2026.
No trecho “AI’s critics have sounded the alarm about the models’ tendency to reinforce and amplify any biases found in the data they are trained on.” (3º parágrafo), a forma verbal destacada está flexionada no:
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