Foram encontradas 25 questões.
A LÍNGUA IMPALPÁVEL
Cheguei no vale de U-ah-hu numa manhã de domingo – me fascinava o idioma humha, que conheci através dos escritos de Sapir e Kroeber. Todos os nativos me receberam muito bem. Aquele que parecia ser o pajé cantou para desejar boas-vindas; um ancião esfregou na minha testa um aquênio peculiar, rugoso, parecido com um caju, enquanto balbuciava uma cantiga. Ao longo da cerimônia, todos os habitantes cantavam, o tempo todo, melodias tortuosas. A música era onipresente – mas não foi pronunciada uma palavra sequer. Ou ao menos assim parecia.
Demorei a perceber que a música era palavra e vice-versa. Não havia nenhum sinal de consoante oclusiva, fricativa, alveolal, nada. O único traço distintivo de significados era a "altura" da voz, isto é, a nota em que ela era emitida. s vezes, uma diferença mínima, muito menor do que um semitom, mudava todo o significado de uma frase. Kroeber afirma que existem 35 fonemas diferentes num intervalo que, no piano, corresponde a menos de uma oitava.
Reuni três dos nativos que mais se mostravam interessados em me ajudar e mostrei uma valsa de Strauss. O estranhamento inicial surgiu, claro, do fato daquela pequena máquina emitir som. No entanto, logo em seguida, nas primeiras frases musicais, os três falantes explodiram em gargalhadas. Os ouvintes não conseguiam ver ali nada além de palavras tortas e estranhas, como uma criança brasileira quando ouve russo. Vez por outra parecia surgir na melodia de uma flauta uma frase completa do idioma humha. As crianças repetiam incansavelmente um trecho de Ravel que narraria, segundo elas, a história de uma senhora que se sentava em um repolho.
Toda cultura possui uma íntima relação com um ritmo particular, que guia a dança e os cerimoniais religiosos. Entre os falantes do humha, no entanto, a música não tinha qualquer função outra que comunicar. Nas cerimônias religiosas, reinava o silêncio. A música não tinha qualquer propriedade encantatória – representava o mundano, a comunicação trivial, objetiva. Tampouco havia dança, pois a música não dizia nada ao corpo.
O que mais custei a entender foi o fato de que, embora a música estivesse em todo lugar, ou justamente por isso mesmo, não havia música em lugar nenhum. Porque havia música o tempo todo, ninguém conseguia enxergá-la. A música não fazia dos Humha um povo mais feliz – ao contrário, percebi que havia entre eles uma falta incurável, um buraco impreenchível, onipresente. Era a música.
DUVIVIER, Gregório. A língua impalpável. In: Folha de São Paulo. 15 jun. 2015. Disponível em:<http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/gregorioduvivier/2015/06/1642096-a-lingua-impalpavel.shtml> .
A atribuição do título “Língua impalpável” ao texto relaciona-se, principalmente:
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In the sentence “Our friends arrived at 10:30 p.m., exactly 10 minutes after we had left.” the Past Perfect tense is used to:
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MULTI-SENSORY MOTION ESTIMATION AND CONTROL OF A MINI-QUADROTOR IN AN AIR-
GROUND MULTI-ROBOT SYSTEM
Tianguang Zhang, Wei Li, Markus Achtelik, Kolja K ¨uhnlenz and Martin Buss
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a major focus of active researches, since they can extend our capability in a variety of areas. A significant challenge in developing UAVs is to extract and fuse the useful information in a robust manner in order to achieve a stable flight and an accurate navigation. On-board Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are commonly equipped. However, the drift of inertial sensors leads to errors during integration over time, making a steadily accurate estimation of the absolute pose nearly impossible. Therefore, most works rely on an external infrastructures, e.g. GPS for outdoor applications [3] [4] and tracking system for indoor environments [5] [6]. Vision and proprioception are the primary senses to guide the movement. Taking insects as an example, the both senses are important to be fused for localization and motion estimation. They are able to complement the limitations and deficiencies of each other. Digital camera chips and IMU, such as micro-machined gyroscopes and accelerometers, are now available off-the-shelf with good performance, and can provide robust estimates of self-motion as well as 3D scene structure, without any external infrastructure.
In the sentence “They are able to complement the limitations and deficiencies of each other.”, the expression are able to can be best replaced by:
Provas
MULTI-SENSORY MOTION ESTIMATION AND CONTROL OF A MINI-QUADROTOR IN AN AIR-
GROUND MULTI-ROBOT SYSTEM
Tianguang Zhang, Wei Li, Markus Achtelik, Kolja K ¨uhnlenz and Martin Buss
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are a major focus of active researches, since they can extend our capability in a variety of areas. A significant challenge in developing UAVs is to extract and fuse the useful information in a robust manner in order to achieve a stable flight and an accurate navigation. On-board Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are commonly equipped. However, the drift of inertial sensors leads to errors during integration over time, making a steadily accurate estimation of the absolute pose nearly impossible. Therefore, most works rely on an external infrastructures, e.g. GPS for outdoor applications [3] [4] and tracking system for indoor environments [5] [6]. Vision and proprioception are the primary senses to guide the movement. Taking insects as an example, the both senses are important to be fused for localization and motion estimation. They are able to complement the limitations and deficiencies of each other. Digital camera chips and IMU, such as micro-machined gyroscopes and accelerometers, are now available off-the-shelf with good performance, and can provide robust estimates of self-motion as well as 3D scene structure, without any external infrastructure.
According to the text, the words however and therefore is respectively closest in meaning to
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Leia o texto a seguir para responder as questões 21 e 22.
WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM?
So, what is a programming algorithm? You can think of a programming algorithm as a recipe that describes the exact steps needed for the computer to solve a problem or reach a goal. We've all seen food recipes - they list the ingredients needed and a set of steps for how to make the described meal. Well, an algorithm is just like that. In computer lingo, the word for a recipe is a procedure, and the ingredients are called inputs. Your computer looks at your procedure, follows it to the letter, and you get to see the results, which are called outputs. A programming algorithm describes how to do something, and your computer will do it exactly that way every time. Well, it will once you convert your algorithm into a language it understands!
However, it's important to note that a programming algorithm is not computer code. It's written in simple English (or whatever the programmer speaks). It doesn't beat around the bush--it has a start, a middle, and an end. In fact, you will probably label the first step 'start' and the last step 'end.' It includes only what you need to carry out the task. It does not include anything unclear, often called ambiguous in computer lingo, that someone reading it might wonder about.
It always leads to a solution and tries to be the most efficient solution we can think up. It's often a good idea to number the steps, but you don't have to. Instead of numbered steps, some folks use indentation and write in pseudocode, which is a semi-programming language used to describe the steps in an algorithm. But, we won't use that here since simplicity is the main thing.
Adapted from: <http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-algorithm-in-programming-definition-examples-analysis.html>.
According to the text, the words lingo and think up are closest in meaning to
Provas
Leia o texto a seguir para responder as questões 21 e 22.
WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM?
So, what is a programming algorithm? You can think of a programming algorithm as a recipe that describes the exact steps needed for the computer to solve a problem or reach a goal. We've all seen food recipes - they list the ingredients needed and a set of steps for how to make the described meal. Well, an algorithm is just like that. In computer lingo, the word for a recipe is a procedure, and the ingredients are called inputs. Your computer looks at your procedure, follows it to the letter, and you get to see the results, which are called outputs. A programming algorithm describes how to do something, and your computer will do it exactly that way every time. Well, it will once you convert your algorithm into a language it understands!
However, it's important to note that a programming algorithm is not computer code. It's written in simple English (or whatever the programmer speaks). It doesn't beat around the bush--it has a start, a middle, and an end. In fact, you will probably label the first step 'start' and the last step 'end.' It includes only what you need to carry out the task. It does not include anything unclear, often called ambiguous in computer lingo, that someone reading it might wonder about.
It always leads to a solution and tries to be the most efficient solution we can think up. It's often a good idea to number the steps, but you don't have to. Instead of numbered steps, some folks use indentation and write in pseudocode, which is a semi-programming language used to describe the steps in an algorithm. But, we won't use that here since simplicity is the main thing.
Adapted from: <http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-algorithm-in-programming-definition-examples-analysis.html>.
Segundo o texto, a implementação de algoritmos pode ser comparado a:
Provas
Read the text and answer the questions 19 and 20.
DECOLONIZING REALITY
Knowledge is relative, and reality is a composition. You reconstruct yourself and, to a lesser extent, your culture, society, and world by the decisions you make. Your decisions may be conscious but probably are most often at least partially unconscious, depending on which part or parts of your personality makes them. It basically comes down to awareness when you make your choices-awareness of yourself, of your acts, of the acts of others, and of the world. Formal education enhances some aspects of awareness and gives access to certain kinds of knowledges. Decolonizing reality consists of unlearning consensual “reality”, of seeing through reality’s roles and descriptions by what Don Juan calls acts of not doing.
(ANZALDÚA, Gloria. Light in the dark, 2015, p. 44)
According to the text, the word awareness is closest in meaning to
Provas
Read the text and answer the questions 19 and 20.
DECOLONIZING REALITY
Knowledge is relative, and reality is a composition. You reconstruct yourself and, to a lesser extent, your culture, society, and world by the decisions you make. Your decisions may be conscious but probably are most often at least partially unconscious, depending on which part or parts of your personality makes them. It basically comes down to awareness when you make your choices-awareness of yourself, of your acts, of the acts of others, and of the world. Formal education enhances some aspects of awareness and gives access to certain kinds of knowledges. Decolonizing reality consists of unlearning consensual “reality”, of seeing through reality’s roles and descriptions by what Don Juan calls acts of not doing.
(ANZALDÚA, Gloria. Light in the dark, 2015, p. 44)
According to the text, decolonizing means
Provas
Read the texts and answer the question:
ESP concentrates more on language in context than on teaching grammar and language structures. It covers subjects varying from accounting or computer science to tourism and business management. The ESP focal point is that English is not taught as a subject separated from the students' real world (or wishes); instead, it is integrated into a subject matter area important to the learners.
(FIORITO, 2005) Disponível em: http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/teaching-english-for-specific-purposes-esp.html. Acesso em 09/04/15.
The ESP student is particularly well disposed to focus on meaning in the subject-matter field. In ESP, English should be presented not as a subject to be learned in isolation from real use, nor as a mechanical skill or habit to be developed. On the contrary, English should be presented in authentic contexts to make the learners acquainted with the particular ways in which the language is used in functions that they will need to perform in their fields of specialty or jobs.
(FIORITO, 2005) Disponível em: (http://www.usingenglish.com/articles/teaching-english-for-specific-purposes-esp.html) Acesso em 09/04/15.
According to the text, ESP focuses on:
Provas
Read the text and answer the question:
ABOARD FLIGHTS, CONFLICTS OVER SEAT ASSIGNMENTS AND RELIGION
By Michael Paulson, APRIL 9, 2015
Francesca Hogi, 40, had settled into her aisle seat for the flight from New York to London when the man assigned to the adjoining window seat arrived and refused to sit down. He said his religion prevented him from sitting beside a woman who was not his wife. Irritated but eager to get underway, she eventually agreed to move.
Laura Heywood, 42, had a similar experience while traveling from San Diego to London via New York. She was in a middle seat — her husband had the aisle — when the man with the window seat in the same row asked if the couple would switch positions. Ms. Heywood, offended by the notion that her sex made her an unacceptable seatmate, refused.
“I wasn’t rude, but I found the reason to be sexist, so I was direct,” she said.
A growing number of airline passengers, particularly on trips between the United States and Israel, are now sharing stories of conflicts between ultra-Orthodox Jewish men trying to follow their faith and women just hoping to sit down. Several flights from New York to Israel over the last year have been delayed or disrupted over the issue, and with social media spreading outrage and debate, the disputes have spawned a protest initiative, an online petition and a spoof safety video from a Jewish magazine suggesting a full-body safety vest (“Yes, it’s kosher!”) to protect ultraOrthodox men from women seated next to them on airplanes.
(Adapted from The New York Times. Disponível em: http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/10/us/aboard-flights-conflicts-over-seatassignments-and-religion.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=photo-spot-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=topnews&_r=0)
According to the text, it is correct to affirm that
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