Read Text III and answer question

The adjective in “proper interpretation” (line 26) means:

People in “people tend to treat it” (line 20) is in the plural. All the words below are also in the plural, except for:

Read Text III and answer question

Text III

Advantages & Disadvantages of the Use of Email as a Business Communications Tool

by Arnold Anderson, Demand Media

One of the instant forms of business communication is email. But email has several downfalls to go along with its benefits that make it a challenging way to send information. Before you get involved in an email conversation with a business associate, you should spend some time understanding the advantages and disadvantages of using email as a business communications tool.

Speed

When you need to get an important message to a client or business associate who is located thousands of miles away, one of the fastest ways to do it is by email. The advantage email has over the telephone in communication speed is that you can send attachments with an email that contain important documents or even a presentation to clarify your message.

Availability

Thousands of email messages can be archived into folders on your computer or handheld communication device such as a cell phone to be retrieved when you need them. The convenience of email prevents you from having to keep file folders filled with papers and it makes your important correspondence portable.

Cost-Effective

Aside from the cost of your Internet connection, email is free. You can send as many messages, files, videos, documents and presentations as you want without having to pay anything. It significantly reduces your company's shipping and postage costs.

Vulnerability

It would take a manual effort on the part of someone to access all of your important printed documents and destroy them. But all of your emails and important information can be lost with a simple hard-drive crash. If you store your email information on another server, then you could lose your data if that site goes down or out of business.

Accessibility

When someone hands you a business letter, you are the only person that receives that letter. An email can be intercepted by a hacker or go to an incorrect email address and wind up in someone else's inbox. Your sensitive information and messages are very accessible to hackers and even unsuspecting recipients when you use email.

Emotionless

A disadvantage of email is that people tend to treat it like a conversation because email can happen so quickly and they begin to use slang terms and try to carry on conversations via email. Because email recipients cannot see each other, the emails do not have any voice inflection or emotion that can help with proper interpretation

(http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-use-email-businesscommunications- tool-21193.html, retrieved on March 30th, 2013)

Some of the disadvantages of emails the author points out are mentioned under the sections:

Read Text III and answer question

Text III

Advantages & Disadvantages of the Use of Email as a Business Communications Tool

by Arnold Anderson, Demand Media

One of the instant forms of business communication is email. But email has several downfalls to go along with its benefits that make it a challenging way to send information. Before you get involved in an email conversation with a business associate, you should spend some time understanding the advantages and disadvantages of using email as a business communications tool.

Speed

When you need to get an important message to a client or business associate who is located thousands of miles away, one of the fastest ways to do it is by email. The advantage email has over the telephone in communication speed is that you can send attachments with an email that contain important documents or even a presentation to clarify your message.

Availability

Thousands of email messages can be archived into folders on your computer or handheld communication device such as a cell phone to be retrieved when you need them. The convenience of email prevents you from having to keep file folders filled with papers and it makes your important correspondence portable.

Cost-Effective

Aside from the cost of your Internet connection, email is free. You can send as many messages, files, videos, documents and presentations as you want without having to pay anything. It significantly reduces your company's shipping and postage costs.

Vulnerability

It would take a manual effort on the part of someone to access all of your important printed documents and destroy them. But all of your emails and important information can be lost with a simple hard-drive crash. If you store your email information on another server, then you could lose your data if that site goes down or out of business.

Accessibility

When someone hands you a business letter, you are the only person that receives that letter. An email can be intercepted by a hacker or go to an incorrect email address and wind up in someone else's inbox. Your sensitive information and messages are very accessible to hackers and even unsuspecting recipients when you use email.

Emotionless

A disadvantage of email is that people tend to treat it like a conversation because email can happen so quickly and they begin to use slang terms and try to carry on conversations via email. Because email recipients cannot see each other, the emails do not have any voice inflection or emotion that can help with proper interpretation

(http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-use-email-businesscommunications- tool-21193.html, retrieved on March 30th, 2013)

In writing this text, the author intended to:

Read Text II and answer question

Water Resources Management

Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Properly managed water resources are a critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. The livelihoods of the poorest are critically associated with access to water services.

With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress on existing water sources. Feeding a planet of 8 billion by 2030 will require producing more food with less water and through improved water efficiency in agriculture. Energy demand will more than double in poor and emerging economies in the next 25 years and hydropower will need to be a key contributor to clean energy production. Floods and droughts will continue to threaten farmer livelihoods and lowland economies. Besides the needs for these human activities we have to ensure that the environmental water flows required to maintain ecosystems are also maintained.

Water Resources Management aims at optimizing the available natural water flows, including surface water and groundwater, to satisfy these competing needs. Adding uncertainty, climate change will increase the complexity of managing water resources. In some parts of the world, there will be more available water but in other parts, including the developing world, there will be less.

The mounting challenges posed by the changing demand for and supply of the resource highlight the importance of water in any development and growth agenda. The ability of developing countries to make more water available for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental uses will depend on better management of water resources and more cross-sectoral planning and integration. With water security declining in many parts of the world, strengthening the resiliency of the poorest countries and populations to climate change impacts becomes crucial, not only to ensure future water supply but also to combat food and energy price volatility.

(http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management, retrieved on March 29th, 2013)

In the end of the text II, it can be understood that “strengthening the resiliency” (line 14) refers to:

Read Text II and answer question

Water Resources Management

Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Properly managed water resources are a critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. The livelihoods of the poorest are critically associated with access to water services.

With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress on existing water sources. Feeding a planet of 8 billion by 2030 will require producing more food with less water and through improved water efficiency in agriculture. Energy demand will more than double in poor and emerging economies in the next 25 years and hydropower will need to be a key contributor to clean energy production. Floods and droughts will continue to threaten farmer livelihoods and lowland economies. Besides the needs for these human activities we have to ensure that the environmental water flows required to maintain ecosystems are also maintained.

Water Resources Management aims at optimizing the available natural water flows, including surface water and groundwater, to satisfy these competing needs. Adding uncertainty, climate change will increase the complexity of managing water resources. In some parts of the world, there will be more available water but in other parts, including the developing world, there will be less.

The mounting challenges posed by the changing demand for and supply of the resource highlight the importance of water in any development and growth agenda. The ability of developing countries to make more water available for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental uses will depend on better management of water resources and more cross-sectoral planning and integration. With water security declining in many parts of the world, strengthening the resiliency of the poorest countries and populations to climate change impacts becomes crucial, not only to ensure future water supply but also to combat food and energy price volatility.

(http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management, retrieved on March 29th, 2013)

Highlight in “highlight the importance of water” (line 11) has the same meaning of:

Read Text II and answer question

Water Resources Management

Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Properly managed water resources are a critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. The livelihoods of the poorest are critically associated with access to water services.

With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress on existing water sources. Feeding a planet of 8 billion by 2030 will require producing more food with less water and through improved water efficiency in agriculture. Energy demand will more than double in poor and emerging economies in the next 25 years and hydropower will need to be a key contributor to clean energy production. Floods and droughts will continue to threaten farmer livelihoods and lowland economies. Besides the needs for these human activities we have to ensure that the environmental water flows required to maintain ecosystems are also maintained.

Water Resources Management aims at optimizing the available natural water flows, including surface water and groundwater, to satisfy these competing needs. Adding uncertainty, climate change will increase the complexity of managing water resources. In some parts of the world, there will be more available water but in other parts, including the developing world, there will be less.

The mounting challenges posed by the changing demand for and supply of the resource highlight the importance of water in any development and growth agenda. The ability of developing countries to make more water available for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental uses will depend on better management of water resources and more cross-sectoral planning and integration. With water security declining in many parts of the world, strengthening the resiliency of the poorest countries and populations to climate change impacts becomes crucial, not only to ensure future water supply but also to combat food and energy price volatility.

(http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management, retrieved on March 29th, 2013)

The underlined word in “the available natural water flows” (line 08) is a(n):

Read Text II and answer question

Water Resources Management

Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Properly managed water resources are a critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. The livelihoods of the poorest are critically associated with access to water services.

With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress on existing water sources. Feeding a planet of 8 billion by 2030 will require producing more food with less water and through improved water efficiency in agriculture. Energy demand will more than double in poor and emerging economies in the next 25 years and hydropower will need to be a key contributor to clean energy production. Floods and droughts will continue to threaten farmer livelihoods and lowland economies. Besides the needs for these human activities we have to ensure that the environmental water flows required to maintain ecosystems are also maintained.

Water Resources Management aims at optimizing the available natural water flows, including surface water and groundwater, to satisfy these competing needs. Adding uncertainty, climate change will increase the complexity of managing water resources. In some parts of the world, there will be more available water but in other parts, including the developing world, there will be less.

The mounting challenges posed by the changing demand for and supply of the resource highlight the importance of water in any development and growth agenda. The ability of developing countries to make more water available for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental uses will depend on better management of water resources and more cross-sectoral planning and integration. With water security declining in many parts of the world, strengthening the resiliency of the poorest countries and populations to climate change impacts becomes crucial, not only to ensure future water supply but also to combat food and energy price volatility.

(http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management, retrieved on March 29th, 2013)

In the second paragraph, the first four sentences offer a(n):

Read Text II and answer question

Water Resources Management

Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Properly managed water resources are a critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. The livelihoods of the poorest are critically associated with access to water services.

With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress on existing water sources. Feeding a planet of 8 billion by 2030 will require producing more food with less water and through improved water efficiency in agriculture. Energy demand will more than double in poor and emerging economies in the next 25 years and hydropower will need to be a key contributor to clean energy production. Floods and droughts will continue to threaten farmer livelihoods and lowland economies. Besides the needs for these human activities we have to ensure that the environmental water flows required to maintain ecosystems are also maintained.

Water Resources Management aims at optimizing the available natural water flows, including surface water and groundwater, to satisfy these competing needs. Adding uncertainty, climate change will increase the complexity of managing water resources. In some parts of the world, there will be more available water but in other parts, including the developing world, there will be less.

The mounting challenges posed by the changing demand for and supply of the resource highlight the importance of water in any development and growth agenda. The ability of developing countries to make more water available for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental uses will depend on better management of water resources and more cross-sectoral planning and integration. With water security declining in many parts of the world, strengthening the resiliency of the poorest countries and populations to climate change impacts becomes crucial, not only to ensure future water supply but also to combat food and energy price volatility.

(http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management, retrieved on March 29th, 2013)

The word drought in “Floods and droughts will continue to threaten” (line 06) refers to a situation in which water is:

Read Text II and answer question

Water Resources Management

Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystems. Properly managed water resources are a critical component of growth, poverty reduction and equity. The livelihoods of the poorest are critically associated with access to water services.

With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress on existing water sources. Feeding a planet of 8 billion by 2030 will require producing more food with less water and through improved water efficiency in agriculture. Energy demand will more than double in poor and emerging economies in the next 25 years and hydropower will need to be a key contributor to clean energy production. Floods and droughts will continue to threaten farmer livelihoods and lowland economies. Besides the needs for these human activities we have to ensure that the environmental water flows required to maintain ecosystems are also maintained.

Water Resources Management aims at optimizing the available natural water flows, including surface water and groundwater, to satisfy these competing needs. Adding uncertainty, climate change will increase the complexity of managing water resources. In some parts of the world, there will be more available water but in other parts, including the developing world, there will be less.

The mounting challenges posed by the changing demand for and supply of the resource highlight the importance of water in any development and growth agenda. The ability of developing countries to make more water available for domestic, agricultural, industrial and environmental uses will depend on better management of water resources and more cross-sectoral planning and integration. With water security declining in many parts of the world, strengthening the resiliency of the poorest countries and populations to climate change impacts becomes crucial, not only to ensure future water supply but also to combat food and energy price volatility.

(http://water.worldbank.org/topics/water-resources-management, retrieved on March 29th, 2013)

The main point of this text is: