Cantora de 26 anos de idade morreu em acidente de avião em Minas Gerais. A intérprete de libras Gessilma Dias foi a convidada para participar das transmissões de Marília em meio à pandemia. Marília Mendonça foi a primeira artista a usar Libras nas lives durante a pandemia do coronavírus. A intérprete de Libras Gessilma Dias, que trabalha na área há vinte anos, foi a convidada da cantora para o trabalho. Aos 26 anos de idade, a rainha da “sofrência” morreu em um acidente de avião em Caratinga (MG). “Marília vai ser um marco da comunidade surda. Ela teve essa ideia. Criou esse espaço para que a gente mostrasse o nosso trabalho. Para que a comunicação realmente aconteça. Para que os surdos pudessem ter acesso”, disse a intérprete. A intérprete disse ainda, em entrevista à TV Anhanguera, que muitos surdos não têm espaço para poder participar do meio musical, por falta de acessibilidade. “Porque a gente fala assim: ‘o surdo não gosta de música, porque ele não ouve’. Mas alguns gostam.

Como que você vai saber se eles gostam ou não se eles não participam daquele espaço?”.

LibrasSol, 7 de novembro de 2021 (com adaptações).

A partir da reportagem acima, julgue o item quanto aos aspectos históricos, legais e teórico-metodológicos da educação de surdos e à análise fonológica da Libras.

As narrativas de humor, drama, cinema, teatro, poesia e música fazem parte da cultura humana, pois despertam emoções e evocam sentimentos. Os surdos, porém, não conseguem compreender e participar dessas produções, mesmo quando há interpretes de libras ou legendas, pois a língua de sinais não consegue expressar a subjetividade das produções artísticas.

Cantora de 26 anos de idade morreu em acidente de avião em Minas Gerais. A intérprete de libras Gessilma Dias foi a convidada para participar das transmissões de Marília em meio à pandemia. Marília Mendonça foi a primeira artista a usar Libras nas lives durante a pandemia do coronavírus. A intérprete de Libras Gessilma Dias, que trabalha na área há vinte anos, foi a convidada da cantora para o trabalho. Aos 26 anos de idade, a rainha da “sofrência” morreu em um acidente de avião em Caratinga (MG). “Marília vai ser um marco da comunidade surda. Ela teve essa ideia. Criou esse espaço para que a gente mostrasse o nosso trabalho. Para que a comunicação realmente aconteça. Para que os surdos pudessem ter acesso”, disse a intérprete. A intérprete disse ainda, em entrevista à TV Anhanguera, que muitos surdos não têm espaço para poder participar do meio musical, por falta de acessibilidade. “Porque a gente fala assim: ‘o surdo não gosta de música, porque ele não ouve’. Mas alguns gostam.

Como que você vai saber se eles gostam ou não se eles não participam daquele espaço?”.

LibrasSol, 7 de novembro de 2021 (com adaptações).

A partir da reportagem acima, julgue o item quanto aos aspectos históricos, legais e teórico-metodológicos da educação de surdos e à análise fonológica da Libras.

Alguns shows e algumas lives com a presença de intérpretes de Libras garantiram a acessibilidade aos surdos e foram espaço para a divulgação da língua de sinais durante a pandemia do coronavírus. Segundo o Decreto n.º 5.626/2005, os órgãos da administração direta e indireta devem incluir, em orçamentos anuais e plurianuais, dotações destinadas a viabilizar a formação e a qualificação de professores, servidores e empregados para o uso e a divulgação de Libras-Língua Portuguesa.

The enduring appeal of Sherlock Holmes

When the future seems more than usually uncertain and there’s something troubling in the present, it’s natural to look to the past. Could that be why the figure of Sherlock Holmes is once again in our minds?

Brilliantly re-imagined in the new BBC series, Holmes uses the power of his luminous intellect to solve seemingly insoluble riddles. He is described as relying on reason, employing a science of deduction that enables him to explain events that have so far proved baffling. Yet it’s not the methods used by the fictional detective that fascinate us. It’s the contradictory figure of Holmes himself.

100 years on from the setting of the last of the Sherlock Holmes stories, we’ve witnessed a succession of failed experiments in using reason. It’s not just the collapse of communism followed by upheaval in free market capitalism – both of them systems based on theories that were supposed to be rigorously rational. In everyday life, systems that were designed to be infallible – from the security software we install on our home computers to the mathematical formulae used by hedge funds to trade vast sums of money – have proved to be dangerously unreliable.

As a result of these failures, faith in reason has been dented. The idea that the intellect alone can be our guide in life is weaker than it has been for many years. At the same time, Sherlock Holmes – a symbol of the power of intellect if ever there was one – is as powerful a presence in our imagination as he’s ever been. It’s a contradiction worth exploring.

It’s not the science of deduction that gives Holmes his power over us, since he doesn’t in fact use it. In The Sign of Four, Holmes declares: “I never guess. It is a shocking habit – destructive to the logical faculty”. Yet the type of reasoning which Holmes uses in most of Conan Doyle’s stories includes a good deal of guesswork.

It’s not cold logic but a clairvoyant eye for detail that enables him to solve his cases. Holmes has the knack of knowing where to look, asking the right questions and crafting theories to account for what he has found.

What’s striking is that Holmes relies on guesswork and imagination, supplemented and corrected by observation, as much as on reasoning. Like a good doctor, Holmes bases his inferences on evidence, but he reaches his conclusions by using his judgement. And he doesn’t rely on his judgement only in the work of detection. He’s ready to disregard legal rules when they seem to him unfair or out of place in the circumstances at hand.

Most of us now accept that reason can’t give meaning or purpose to life. If we’re not content with the process of living itself, we need myths and myths very often contain contradictions. Holmes is one such myth. Seeming to find order in the chaos of events by using purely rational methods, he actually demonstrates the enduring power of magic.

An exemplar of logic who lives by guesswork, a man who stands apart from other human beings but who is moved by a sense of human decency, Holmes embodies the modern romance of reason – a myth we no longer believe in, but find it hard to live without.

John Gray. Internet: <www.bbc.co.uk> © BBC News Website.
Reproduced with permission.

Based on the text, judge the item from.

The text is an example of the genre opinion article. The purpose of this article can be described as to provide an analysis of why Holmes remains a popular character.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

World Heritage Sites are locations deemed to be of cultural or historical benefit for humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). By including sites on its World Heritage list, UNESCO hopes to ensure their continued preservation.

The criteria for inclusion in the list cover a range of possible categories:

!$ \bullet !$ Many World Heritage Sites are locations that have played a major role in the world’s cultures or civilizations. Some of them may in fact be the last remnants of a people who have since disappeared.

!$ \bullet !$ UNESCO also celebrates sites that represent key periods in human history, such as innovations in town planning or technological breakthroughs.

!$ \bullet !$ Places may be included as examples of individual genius. This may be a building of prime architectural importance or a location connected with the creation of a major work of art.

!$ \bullet !$ Not all sites are man-made, however. They could be an area of outstanding natural beauty, or geological significance, for example, as the site of a fossil discovery.

!$ \bullet !$ One further objective is to celebrate biodiversity. A site may play a vital role in the development of an existing ecosystem. Those which provide habitats for endangered species are particularly strong candidates for inclusion in the UNESCO list.

Based on the text, judge the item from.

“deemed” means dismissed.

World Monuments Fund

I’ve always loved architecture. Buildings reflect our cultural legacy and speak volumes about the people and cultures that built them. So, it was wonderful to learn about the World Monuments Fund, an American organization that works to protect and preserve culturally and historically important buildings and sites. As well as raising funds, it also seeks to promote awareness of the value of historic buildings and teach building techniques, both old and new, so that communities can protect their heritage.

Founded in 1965, one of the WMF’s first projects began the following year, when it helped to secure funding to restore the Italian city of Venice after a period of extreme flooding. Since then, the WMF has helped to preserve over 600 sites in 120 countries.

In Argentina, for example, the WMF has worked to protect the historic center of Buenos Aires, which dates back to the 1580s. Today the hub of the city’s cultural and political life, the center is bursting with monuments and listed buildings, but is under increasing threat from urban expansion. Since 2010, the WMF has campaigned to bring about a change in planning regulations within the city.

The WMF also compiles a “watch list” of buildings at risk every two years. This initiative seeks to draw international attention towards particularly important and vulnerable structures. The buildings and sites on the list range from the less well-known to the very famous, and have included, for example, the huts used by early 20th century explorers in Antarctica, which had been affected by climate change, Dubrovnik’s Old City Harbor in Croatia, damaged by earthquake and war, and the Great Wall of China, a victim of vandalism.

Of course, organizations like the WMF count on donations. If we all give a little money, the organization can continue to carry out its valuable work. Without it, our beautiful buildings, the vestiges of our history, are at risk of slowly falling to ruin.

Internet: <www.wmf.org>.

Based on the text, judge the item from.

Among others, one of WMF’s goals is to collect donations toward the maintenance of endangered buildings.

D’après le texte, jugez les éléments suivants.

L’expression « avoir un poil dans la main » signifie qu’il est très responsable.

D’après le texte, jugez les éléments suivants.

Selon sa mère, il est fainéant.

D’après le texte, jugez les éléments suivants.

Selon sa mère, il met la main à la pâte.

Le Canada et l’Organisation International de la
Francophonie

Le Canada est l’un des pays fondateurs et un membre actif de l’OIF dans laquelle il poursuit son engagement fort et soutenu depuis plus de 50 ans.

L’honorable Marc Garneau, ministre des Affaires étrangères, est responsable de la Francophonie. Il est épaulé dans cette tâche par la représentante personnelle du Premier ministre du Canada pour la Francophonie, l’ambassadrice Isabelle Hudon.

La participation du Canada à la Francophonie lui permet de promouvoir ses valeurs et de faire avancer ses priorités en matière de politique étrangère et de développement au sein de l’espace francophone.

L’engagement des provinces du Québec et du Nouveau-Brunswick, à titre de gouvernements membres de plein droit, et de l’Ontario, en tant que gouvernement observateur, contribuent à renforcer l’influence du Canada au sein de la Francophonie.

Les actions du Canada au sein de la Francophonie visent notamment à promouvoir la démocratie, l’égalité des genres, ainsi que la prévention des conflits ; recentrer la Francophonie sur la langue française et sur ses valeurs ; appuyer l’amélioration constante de la gouvernance, de la transparence et de l’efficacité des institutions de la Francophonie ; et assurer le rayonnement de la francophonie canadienne sur la scène internationale, notamment des communautés en situation minoritaire.

Le Canada a également été l’un des chefs de file dans le développement d’un mandat économique au sein de la Francophonie. Il s’est notamment démarqué par son appui au développement et l’implémentation de la Stratégie économique de la Francophonie.

Grâce à une contribution significative de 10 millions de dollars (2015-2019), le Canada a permis la réalisation d’un programme de l’OIF visant la promotion de l’emploi par l’entrepreneuriat chez les femmes et les jeunes en Afrique subsaharienne francophone. Plus de 27 000 jeunes et femmes de 13 pays d’Afrique subsaharienne ont bénéficié du soutien et de l’accompagnement offerts par ce programme.

Avec l’appui du Canada, l’OIF a pu mettre en place une gestion axée sur les résultats et a modernisé ses outils de gestion administrative et financière. Le Canada appuie par ailleurs les efforts entrepris par l’OIF en vue de recentrer sa programmation autour de projets à haute valeur ajoutée afin de mieux répondre aux besoins des populations de l’espace francophone.

D’après le texte présenté, jugez les propositions.

Dans l’extrait, « Le Canada est l’un des pays fondateurs et un membre actif de l’OIF dans de laquelle il poursuit son engagement fort et soutenu depuis plus de 50 ans », on peut remplacer « dans » par « au sein de » sans changer le sens de la phrase.

La langue française n’appartient plus aux seuls Français

Avec 300 millions de locuteurs, le français est la cinquième langue la plus parlée au monde après le chinois, l’anglais, l’espagnol et l’arabe. Deuxième langue la plus apprise sur le globe, troisième langue des affaires et du commerce, quatrième langue parlée sur Internet, le français séduit partout.

On a peu conscience du rayonnement de la langue, en tant que langue d’usage quotidien comme ce peut-être le cas en Afrique ou au Maghreb. On méconnaît aussi et on sous-estime l’importance du français comme langue étrangère. Rappelons ce chiffre: la langue française est la 2e langue la plus apprise dans le monde. Ce manque de connaissances est peut-être dû à des images anciennes qui sont attachées au français, à sa splendeur passée.

Quand on dit que l’Europe parlait français ou que la diplomatie mondiale le parlait, en réalité cet usage ne concernait qu’une petite élite, et non pas les masses, au XVIIIe siècle. Cette méconnaissance est peut-être aussi due à un discours ambiant sur la domination définitive de l’anglais.

Or, nos études le démentent. Si l’anglais est très répandu aujourd’hui, la place qui est faite à d’autres langues, comme le français par exemple, ne cesse de grandir.

Il est évident que le français est aujourd’hui présent sur de nombreux territoires parce qu’il y a eu un fait colonial.

En revanche, là où on se trompe, ce n’est pas à l’époque coloniale que le français a été massivement enseigné. S’il y avait une petite élite administrative qui parlait la langue, le français comme langue d’enseignement a été le fait d’une décision des dirigeants des états indépendants. Une décision qui s’est maintenue jusqu’à aujourd’hui parce qu’ils ont considéré que le français était un outil de développement efficace.

Le vrai défi pour l’avenir de la langue, c’est que les coopérations se maintiennent et que les pays dans lequel le français est langue d’enseignement arrivent à relever le défi de l’éducation. Il y a un enjeu considérable avec des enfants qui vont de plus en plus à l’école, même si la scolarisation n’est pas encore complète dans beaucoup de pays. Il y a enfin un défi du nombre et de la qualité qu’il faut relever pour que le français reste une langue d’usage.

Source: <https://www.lefigaro.fr>.

D’après le texte présenté, jugez les propositions.

Dans l’extrait, « On a peu conscience du rayonnement de la langue, en tant que langue d’usage quotidien comme ce peut-être le cas en Afrique ou au Maghreb », on peut remplacer « en tant que » par « pourtant » sens changer le sens de la phrase.