TEXT 1

REFERS TO QUESTION FROM

Lessons for Americans, From a Chines Classroom

Observing how Chinese 2- and 3-year-olds navigated a second language, I wondered whether I could have done this for my children.

SHANGHAI — We sat in toddler-size wooden chairs around an orderly circle of Chinese 2-year-olds, busy with circle time. As a parent of three children who collectively spent 15 years in American day care, I am very familiar with circle time.

But I was in this Shanghai classroom as a professor, with college students from many different countries in a class I’m teaching here on children and childhood.

We were observing in a private kindergarten, designed to provide young children — starting at age 2 — with a carefully structured, fully bilingual curriculum, especially important because English language skills are vital for educational success in China.

Visits to Chinese educational institutions allow the college students in my course to get a look at real children and the ways that they learn, while also thinking about Chinese society today. They get windows onto certain slices of this complex country: a high-end private bilingual program that starts with toddlers; a city high school for academically gifted students; a middle school created for the children of the rural migrants who have come by the millions from China’s poorer provinces to work in Shanghai, but whose rights to social benefits are severely limited in the city.

These visits offer the college students insights into many of the social issues facing China, and we spend time in class discussing questions like the huge role that the annual gaokao college entrance exam plays in determining a child’s educational destiny (English is one of the required subjects), the pressures on families that create a culture of cram schools, and the controversies over reserving spots in colleges for kids from rural areas.

But all of those questions have powerful resonances when you think about the issues of childhood education and child development, which have to be addressed in every country. As my college students discuss the different facets of childhood around the world, visiting the Chinese schools also helps them in remembering and thinking about what children look like at different ages, and how they play and interact and learn.

Available in : https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/20/, accessed on February 26th, 2020. Adapted

TEXT 1

REFERS TO QUESTION FROM

Lessons for Americans, From a Chines Classroom

Observing how Chinese 2- and 3-year-olds navigated a second language, I wondered whether I could have done this for my children.

SHANGHAI — We sat in toddler-size wooden chairs around an orderly circle of Chinese 2-year-olds, busy with circle time. As a parent of three children who collectively spent 15 years in American day care, I am very familiar with circle time.

But I was in this Shanghai classroom as a professor, with college students from many different countries in a class I’m teaching here on children and childhood.

We were observing in a private kindergarten, designed to provide young children — starting at age 2 — with a carefully structured, fully bilingual curriculum, especially important because English language skills are vital for educational success in China.

Visits to Chinese educational institutions allow the college students in my course to get a look at real children and the ways that they learn, while also thinking about Chinese society today. They get windows onto certain slices of this complex country: a high-end private bilingual program that starts with toddlers; a city high school for academically gifted students; a middle school created for the children of the rural migrants who have come by the millions from China’s poorer provinces to work in Shanghai, but whose rights to social benefits are severely limited in the city.

These visits offer the college students insights into many of the social issues facing China, and we spend time in class discussing questions like the huge role that the annual gaokao college entrance exam plays in determining a child’s educational destiny (English is one of the required subjects), the pressures on families that create a culture of cram schools, and the controversies over reserving spots in colleges for kids from rural areas.

But all of those questions have powerful resonances when you think about the issues of childhood education and child development, which have to be addressed in every country. As my college students discuss the different facets of childhood around the world, visiting the Chinese schools also helps them in remembering and thinking about what children look like at different ages, and how they play and interact and learn.

Available in : https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/20/, accessed on February 26th, 2020. Adapted

TEXT 1

REFERS TO QUESTION FROM

Lessons for Americans, From a Chines Classroom

Observing how Chinese 2- and 3-year-olds navigated a second language, I wondered whether I could have done this for my children.

SHANGHAI — We sat in toddler-size wooden chairs around an orderly circle of Chinese 2-year-olds, busy with circle time. As a parent of three children who collectively spent 15 years in American day care, I am very familiar with circle time.

But I was in this Shanghai classroom as a professor, with college students from many different countries in a class I’m teaching here on children and childhood.

We were observing in a private kindergarten, designed to provide young children — starting at age 2 — with a carefully structured, fully bilingual curriculum, especially important because English language skills are vital for educational success in China.

Visits to Chinese educational institutions allow the college students in my course to get a look at real children and the ways that they learn, while also thinking about Chinese society today. They get windows onto certain slices of this complex country: a high-end private bilingual program that starts with toddlers; a city high school for academically gifted students; a middle school created for the children of the rural migrants who have come by the millions from China’s poorer provinces to work in Shanghai, but whose rights to social benefits are severely limited in the city.

These visits offer the college students insights into many of the social issues facing China, and we spend time in class discussing questions like the huge role that the annual gaokao college entrance exam plays in determining a child’s educational destiny (English is one of the required subjects), the pressures on families that create a culture of cram schools, and the controversies over reserving spots in colleges for kids from rural areas.

But all of those questions have powerful resonances when you think about the issues of childhood education and child development, which have to be addressed in every country. As my college students discuss the different facets of childhood around the world, visiting the Chinese schools also helps them in remembering and thinking about what children look like at different ages, and how they play and interact and learn.

Available in : https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/20/, accessed on February 26th, 2020. Adapted

Lea el siguiente texto y responda la pregunta:

Río de Janeiro, de meca del carnaval a Capital Mundial de la Arquitectura

Río de Janeiro estrena este 2020 el título de capital mundial de la arquitectura, un reconocimiento que la Unesco, junto con la Unión Internacional de Arquitectos, concederá a partir de ahora cada tres años, para “demostrar el papel crucial de la arquitectura y la cultura en el desarrollo urbano sostenible”, en palabras de sus promotores. Se trata de un título “más que merecido”, según el experto brasileño Rafael Bokor. De esa forma, la ciudad brasileña ya no sólo luce el título de meca mundial del carnaval, que tendrá lugar este año del 21 al 26 de febrero con todo el boato, energía y diversión que le caracteriza, sino también de la arquitectura.

“Río de Janeiro, además de ser una de las ciudades con más atractivos naturales, también es guardiana de innumerables ejemplos de casas y edificios de estilos que van desde el colonial hasta el art déco y el moderno. Esa unión de la naturaleza con los diferentes estilos arquitectónicos es lo que da su singularidad a la Ciudad Maravillosa”, prosigue el fundador y autor de Rio Casas & Prédios Antigos, quien los fines de semana organiza tours por las construcciones antiguas de la ciudad.

Museo a cielo abierto

Más allá de su orografía fantástica, sus playas de postal, sus bosques frondosos que esconden cascadas y su energía sin límite, la arquitectura siempre ha sido protagonista en esta ciudad que los portugueses confundieron, un enero de 1502, con la desembocadura de un río -de ahí su nombre-, a pesar de que se trataba de una caprichosa bahía, la de Guanabara.

Desde entonces, Río ha ido adaptando estilos dispares hasta convertirse en ese museo a cielo abierto que hace que sus habitantes -los cariocas- sólo puedan llamarla Cidade Maravilhosa. “Una visión panorámica de la cuidad nos hace viajar desde las inmensas rocas magmáticas y su exuberante vegetación hasta los edificios coloniales que resisten el paso del tiempo; desde las arenas blancas de Ipanema hasta la igualmente blanca y prístina arquitectura moderna de Oscar Niemeyer; desde la belleza del neomanuelino portugués hasta los crudos y coloridos ladrillos de las favelas” explica la historiadora de arte Sandra Perrone, entusiasta guía oficial tanto de Río como de Florencia (Italia).

“Así, Río se traduce en una sinfonía de formas. Paseando durante menos de 10 minutos se pueden admirar tanto espacios coloniales concebidos por el Brigadeiro José Fernández Pinto Alpoim, como el primer rascacielos art déco de America Latina ideado por Joseph Gire; así como el postmodernismo orgánico de Santiago Calatrava o las influencias de Le Corbusier en el maravilloso Palacio Capanema”, concluye Perrone.

Fuente: https://www.elmundo.es/viajes/america/2020/02 /11/5e342389fc6c83ab268b4671.html

Lea el siguiente texto y responda la pregunta:

Río de Janeiro, de meca del carnaval a Capital Mundial de la Arquitectura

Río de Janeiro estrena este 2020 el título de capital mundial de la arquitectura, un reconocimiento que la Unesco, junto con la Unión Internacional de Arquitectos, concederá a partir de ahora cada tres años, para “demostrar el papel crucial de la arquitectura y la cultura en el desarrollo urbano sostenible”, en palabras de sus promotores. Se trata de un título “más que merecido”, según el experto brasileño Rafael Bokor. De esa forma, la ciudad brasileña ya no sólo luce el título de meca mundial del carnaval, que tendrá lugar este año del 21 al 26 de febrero con todo el boato, energía y diversión que le caracteriza, sino también de la arquitectura.

“Río de Janeiro, además de ser una de las ciudades con más atractivos naturales, también es guardiana de innumerables ejemplos de casas y edificios de estilos que van desde el colonial hasta el art déco y el moderno. Esa unión de la naturaleza con los diferentes estilos arquitectónicos es lo que da su singularidad a la Ciudad Maravillosa”, prosigue el fundador y autor de Rio Casas & Prédios Antigos, quien los fines de semana organiza tours por las construcciones antiguas de la ciudad.

Museo a cielo abierto

Más allá de su orografía fantástica, sus playas de postal, sus bosques frondosos que esconden cascadas y su energía sin límite, la arquitectura siempre ha sido protagonista en esta ciudad que los portugueses confundieron, un enero de 1502, con la desembocadura de un río -de ahí su nombre-, a pesar de que se trataba de una caprichosa bahía, la de Guanabara.

Desde entonces, Río ha ido adaptando estilos dispares hasta convertirse en ese museo a cielo abierto que hace que sus habitantes -los cariocas- sólo puedan llamarla Cidade Maravilhosa. “Una visión panorámica de la cuidad nos hace viajar desde las inmensas rocas magmáticas y su exuberante vegetación hasta los edificios coloniales que resisten el paso del tiempo; desde las arenas blancas de Ipanema hasta la igualmente blanca y prístina arquitectura moderna de Oscar Niemeyer; desde la belleza del neomanuelino portugués hasta los crudos y coloridos ladrillos de las favelas” explica la historiadora de arte Sandra Perrone, entusiasta guía oficial tanto de Río como de Florencia (Italia).

“Así, Río se traduce en una sinfonía de formas. Paseando durante menos de 10 minutos se pueden admirar tanto espacios coloniales concebidos por el Brigadeiro José Fernández Pinto Alpoim, como el primer rascacielos art déco de America Latina ideado por Joseph Gire; así como el postmodernismo orgánico de Santiago Calatrava o las influencias de Le Corbusier en el maravilloso Palacio Capanema”, concluye Perrone.

Fuente: https://www.elmundo.es/viajes/america/2020/02 /11/5e342389fc6c83ab268b4671.html