Consider a large university library. Tens of thousands of books, periodicals, and other information resources are available for use. But to access these resources, a categorization scheme must be developed. To navigate this large volume of information, librarians have defined a classification scheme that includes a library of congress classification code, keywords, author names, and other index entries. All enable the user to find the needed resource quickly and easily.

Now, consider a large component repository. Tens of thousands of reusable software components reside in it. But how does a software engineer find the one she needs? To answer this question, another question arises: How do we describe software components in unambiguous, classifiable terms? These are difficult questions, and no definitive answer has yet been developed.

Since the Constitution of 1988 no major legal constraints limit the control activities of the Brazilian courts of accounts. The range of control areas is widely defined and the control criteria include traditional legal standards as well as modern criteria of efficiency and effectiveness. Despite TCU's historical burden of bureaucratic procedures it is on its way to cut down low intensive control routines and create new space for more intense forms of investigation and audits. The effort of the TCU to modernise control criteria towards efficiency and effectiveness is certainly a hopeful sign for TCU's capacity for innovation. On the other hand, a policy for the detection of fraud, corruption and misuse of public resource could improve results in a field where Brazilian political system seems to depend on occasional denunciations by the press and civil society. Foreign experience proves that identification of high risk areas and fraud indicators can improve the results in this area.

O controle externo, a cargo do Congresso Nacional, é exercido com o auxílio do Tribunal de Contas da União, ao qual compete

Consider a large university library. Tens of thousands of books, periodicals, and other information resources are available for use. But to access these resources, a categorization scheme must be developed. To navigate this large volume of information, librarians have defined a classification scheme that includes a library of congress classification code, keywords, author names, and other index entries. All enable the user to find the needed resource quickly and easily.

Now, consider a large component repository. Tens of thousands of reusable software components reside in it. But how does a software engineer find the one she needs? To answer this question, another question arises: How do we describe software components in unambiguous, classifiable terms? These are difficult questions, and no definitive answer has yet been developed.

As necessidades de desenvolvimento de software podem ser atendidas graças a várias metodologias, técnicas e ferramentas de apoio da engenharia de software que objetivam responder à necessidade de produção sistemática de softwares, respondendo a requisitos técnicos e garantindo determinado nível de qualidade, a determinado custo. Acerca do emprego da engenharia de software no desenvolvimento de aplicações e bancos de dados, julgue o item que se segue.

Segundo a norma ISO 9241, um produto pode ter níveis significativamente diferentes de usabilidade quando usado em diferentes contextos.

As necessidades de desenvolvimento de software podem ser atendidas graças a várias metodologias, técnicas e ferramentas de apoio da engenharia de software que objetivam responder à necessidade de produção sistemática de softwares, respondendo a requisitos técnicos e garantindo determinado nível de qualidade, a determinado custo. Acerca do emprego da engenharia de software no desenvolvimento de aplicações e bancos de dados, julgue o item que se segue.

A revisão dos documentos de análise e projeto e do código por uma equipe de avaliação independente visa inibir os membros das equipes de software de colocar código malicioso nos módulos de software em fase de desenvolvimento.

Since the Constitution of 1988 no major legal constraints limit the control activities of the Brazilian courts of accounts. The range of control areas is widely defined and the control criteria include traditional legal standards as well as modern criteria of efficiency and effectiveness. Despite TCU's historical burden of bureaucratic procedures it is on its way to cut down low intensive control routines and create new space for more intense forms of investigation and audits. The effort of the TCU to modernise control criteria towards efficiency and effectiveness is certainly a hopeful sign for TCU's capacity for innovation. On the other hand, a policy for the detection of fraud, corruption and misuse of public resource could improve results in a field where Brazilian political system seems to depend on occasional denunciations by the press and civil society. Foreign experience proves that identification of high risk areas and fraud indicators can improve the results in this area.