Public opinion

Public opinion as a concept gained credence with the rise of "public" in the eighteenth century. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed.

The rapid spread of public opinion measurement around the world is a reflection of the number of uses to which it can be put. Governments have increasingly found surveys to be useful tools for guiding their public information and propaganda programs and occasionally for helping in the formulation of other kinds of policies.

Public opinion can be influenced by public relations and political media. Additionally, mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. A continuously used technique is propaganda.

The tide of public opinion becomes more and more crucial during political elections, most importantly elections determining the national executive.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

The pronoun "it" refers to "public opinion measurement".

Public opinion

Public opinion as a concept gained credence with the rise of "public" in the eighteenth century. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed.

The rapid spread of public opinion measurement around the world is a reflection of the number of uses to which it can be put. Governments have increasingly found surveys to be useful tools for guiding their public information and propaganda programs and occasionally for helping in the formulation of other kinds of policies.

Public opinion can be influenced by public relations and political media. Additionally, mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. A continuously used technique is propaganda.

The tide of public opinion becomes more and more crucial during political elections, most importantly elections determining the national executive.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

The verb "came about" means happened.

Public opinion

Public opinion as a concept gained credence with the rise of "public" in the eighteenth century. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed.

The rapid spread of public opinion measurement around the world is a reflection of the number of uses to which it can be put. Governments have increasingly found surveys to be useful tools for guiding their public information and propaganda programs and occasionally for helping in the formulation of other kinds of policies.

Public opinion can be influenced by public relations and political media. Additionally, mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. A continuously used technique is propaganda.

The tide of public opinion becomes more and more crucial during political elections, most importantly elections determining the national executive.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

When it comes to the formulation of other kinds of policies, the government always disregards public opinion.

Public opinion

Public opinion as a concept gained credence with the rise of "public" in the eighteenth century. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed.

The rapid spread of public opinion measurement around the world is a reflection of the number of uses to which it can be put. Governments have increasingly found surveys to be useful tools for guiding their public information and propaganda programs and occasionally for helping in the formulation of other kinds of policies.

Public opinion can be influenced by public relations and political media. Additionally, mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. A continuously used technique is propaganda.

The tide of public opinion becomes more and more crucial during political elections, most importantly elections determining the national executive.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Governments have discovered the importance of public opinion surveys.

Public opinion

Public opinion as a concept gained credence with the rise of "public" in the eighteenth century. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed.

The rapid spread of public opinion measurement around the world is a reflection of the number of uses to which it can be put. Governments have increasingly found surveys to be useful tools for guiding their public information and propaganda programs and occasionally for helping in the formulation of other kinds of policies.

Public opinion can be influenced by public relations and political media. Additionally, mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. A continuously used technique is propaganda.

The tide of public opinion becomes more and more crucial during political elections, most importantly elections determining the national executive.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Public opinion can determine the kind of information or propaganda that the government will release.

Public opinion

Public opinion as a concept gained credence with the rise of "public" in the eighteenth century. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed.

The rapid spread of public opinion measurement around the world is a reflection of the number of uses to which it can be put. Governments have increasingly found surveys to be useful tools for guiding their public information and propaganda programs and occasionally for helping in the formulation of other kinds of policies.

Public opinion can be influenced by public relations and political media. Additionally, mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. A continuously used technique is propaganda.

The tide of public opinion becomes more and more crucial during political elections, most importantly elections determining the national executive.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Opinion surveys are carried out worldwide.

Public opinion

Public opinion as a concept gained credence with the rise of "public" in the eighteenth century. This concept came about through the process of urbanization and other political and social forces. For the first time, it became important what people thought, as forms of political contention changed.

The rapid spread of public opinion measurement around the world is a reflection of the number of uses to which it can be put. Governments have increasingly found surveys to be useful tools for guiding their public information and propaganda programs and occasionally for helping in the formulation of other kinds of policies.

Public opinion can be influenced by public relations and political media. Additionally, mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. A continuously used technique is propaganda.

The tide of public opinion becomes more and more crucial during political elections, most importantly elections determining the national executive.

Internet: <www.wikipedia.org> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Public opinion has always been considered in governmental decisions.

A política exterior não é derivada, no Brasil, dos regimes políticos. Ao contrário dos assuntos domésticos do Estado-nação, ela tem certo traço de permanência. Esse argumento, no entanto, não merece ser endeusado. A continuidade em política externa não se impôs de forma natural nem foi resultado da intervenção do "divino direito dos reis". Houve oscilações e mudanças, histórica e socialmente determinadas por causalidades políticas, sociais e econômicas, que atuaram e continuam atuando na conformação da política externa do Brasil.
José Flávio Sombra Saraiva. Entre a retórica e o realismo: o peso da política exterior de Vargas a Lula (1954-2005). In: José Flávio S. Saraiva e Amado L. Cervo (Orgs.). O crescimento das relações internacionais do Brasil. Brasília: IBRI, 2005, p. 54 (com adaptações).

Ainda tendo o texto como referência inicial, julgue o item seguinte, acerca das relações internacionais do Brasil com seus parceiros tradicionais e novos.

A inclusão do Brasil no rol de suas parcerias estratégicas, proposta pela União Européia, confirma o reconhecimento do protagonismo do Brasil na cena sul-americana.

A política exterior não é derivada, no Brasil, dos regimes políticos. Ao contrário dos assuntos domésticos do Estado-nação, ela tem certo traço de permanência. Esse argumento, no entanto, não merece ser endeusado. A continuidade em política externa não se impôs de forma natural nem foi resultado da intervenção do "divino direito dos reis". Houve oscilações e mudanças, histórica e socialmente determinadas por causalidades políticas, sociais e econômicas, que atuaram e continuam atuando na conformação da política externa do Brasil.
José Flávio Sombra Saraiva. Entre a retórica e o realismo: o peso da política exterior de Vargas a Lula (1954-2005). In: José Flávio S. Saraiva e Amado L. Cervo (Orgs.). O crescimento das relações internacionais do Brasil. Brasília: IBRI, 2005, p. 54 (com adaptações).

Ainda tendo o texto como referência inicial, julgue o item seguinte, acerca das relações internacionais do Brasil com seus parceiros tradicionais e novos.

Nos interesses comuns da cena global e na expansão de negócios e comércio, a parceria do Brasil com a China em torno de projetos científico-tecnológicos e do comércio bilateral é unanimidade na opinião pública nacional.

A política exterior não é derivada, no Brasil, dos regimes políticos. Ao contrário dos assuntos domésticos do Estado-nação, ela tem certo traço de permanência. Esse argumento, no entanto, não merece ser endeusado. A continuidade em política externa não se impôs de forma natural nem foi resultado da intervenção do "divino direito dos reis". Houve oscilações e mudanças, histórica e socialmente determinadas por causalidades políticas, sociais e econômicas, que atuaram e continuam atuando na conformação da política externa do Brasil.
José Flávio Sombra Saraiva. Entre a retórica e o realismo: o peso da política exterior de Vargas a Lula (1954-2005). In: José Flávio S. Saraiva e Amado L. Cervo (Orgs.). O crescimento das relações internacionais do Brasil. Brasília: IBRI, 2005, p. 54 (com adaptações).

Ainda tendo o texto como referência inicial, julgue o item seguinte, acerca das relações internacionais do Brasil com seus parceiros tradicionais e novos.

As relações do Brasil com o Oriente Médio são de eqüidistância pragmática, sem tomar partido nas querelas históricas, orientando-se pela dimensão multicultural e pacífica da convivência de descendentes dos povos daquela região no Brasil, sem ferir os interesses de brasileiros e de empresas brasileiras que lá atuam.