TEXT III The Pirarucu Legend

Pirarucu was an Indian who belonged to the Uaiás tribe that lived around the Lábrean plains in the Southwestern Amazon. He was a brave, but heartless warrior, even though Pindarô, his father and chief of the tribe, was a good man. Pirarucu was full of vanities, egoism and excessively proud of his power. While his father visited friendly neighboring tribes, Pirarucu took advantage of his absence to take village people hostage and execute them for any reason. He also criticized the gods.

Tupã, the god of the gods, observed Pirarucu for a long time, until, tired of the man’s behavior, he decided to punish Pirarucu. Tupã called Polo and demanded that he spread his most powerful lightening in the whole area. He also called Iururaruaçu, the goddess of torrents, and demanded that she provoke the strongest torrents of rain over Pirarucu, who was fishing along with other Indians on the margins of the Tocantins river, not so far from the longhouse.

The fires of Tupã were seen throughout the forest. When Pirarucu saw the wild waters of the river, and heard the voice and felt the hate of Tupã, he just ignored them with a laugh and crazy words. Then, Tupã sent Xandoré, the demon that hates men, who threw lightening and thunder that filled the air and cut it with sparks. Pirarucu tried to escape, but while he ran among the falling branches and trees, a lightening bolt sent by Xandoré, struck into the heart of the warrior who refused to ask for forgiveness. All of those who were with Pirarucu ran from the jungle in total fright, while the body of Pirarucu, still alive, was taken to the depths of the Tocantins river and transformed into a giant and dark fish. Pirarucu remained there and for a long time he was the terror of the region.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-pirarucu.html> CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em: 31 jul. 16 (Adaptado).

TEXT III The Pirarucu Legend

Pirarucu was an Indian who belonged to the Uaiás tribe that lived around the Lábrean plains in the Southwestern Amazon. He was a brave, but heartless warrior, even though Pindarô, his father and chief of the tribe, was a good man. Pirarucu was full of vanities, egoism and excessively proud of his power. While his father visited friendly neighboring tribes, Pirarucu took advantage of his absence to take village people hostage and execute them for any reason. He also criticized the gods.

Tupã, the god of the gods, observed Pirarucu for a long time, until, tired of the man’s behavior, he decided to punish Pirarucu. Tupã called Polo and demanded that he spread his most powerful lightening in the whole area. He also called Iururaruaçu, the goddess of torrents, and demanded that she provoke the strongest torrents of rain over Pirarucu, who was fishing along with other Indians on the margins of the Tocantins river, not so far from the longhouse.

The fires of Tupã were seen throughout the forest. When Pirarucu saw the wild waters of the river, and heard the voice and felt the hate of Tupã, he just ignored them with a laugh and crazy words. Then, Tupã sent Xandoré, the demon that hates men, who threw lightening and thunder that filled the air and cut it with sparks. Pirarucu tried to escape, but while he ran among the falling branches and trees, a lightening bolt sent by Xandoré, struck into the heart of the warrior who refused to ask for forgiveness. All of those who were with Pirarucu ran from the jungle in total fright, while the body of Pirarucu, still alive, was taken to the depths of the Tocantins river and transformed into a giant and dark fish. Pirarucu remained there and for a long time he was the terror of the region.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-pirarucu.html> CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em: 31 jul. 16 (Adaptado).

TEXT II

The Jurutauí Legend

Jurutauí was the bird with the most beautiful song in the forest and, because it sang so melodiously, it was truly admired by the other birds. One day Jurutauí saw the moon shining splendidly and fell deeply in love with her. Then, to be heard by its muse, it flew to the highest tree to sing love songs through the night, filling the forest with the most devoted sounds.

Jurutauí couldn’t accept such a distance from its lover and flew higher and higher, trying to reach it. But the power of gravity could not be overcome. After a long struggle Jurutauí fell straight to the ground. Dizzy, it tried to recover and sing its beautiful song, but only a strident and terrible screech came from its throat and echoed through the forest. The other birds surrounded Jurutauí and mourned for the loss of the most beautiful birdsong in the forest. Now when the forest echoes with raucous and sad notes, everyone knows that it’s because Jurutauí is singing.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-juru.html > CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em:31 jul. 16 (adaptado).

TEXT II

The Jurutauí Legend

Jurutauí was the bird with the most beautiful song in the forest and, because it sang so melodiously, it was truly admired by the other birds. One day Jurutauí saw the moon shining splendidly and fell deeply in love with her. Then, to be heard by its muse, it flew to the highest tree to sing love songs through the night, filling the forest with the most devoted sounds.

Jurutauí couldn’t accept such a distance from its lover and flew higher and higher, trying to reach it. But the power of gravity could not be overcome. After a long struggle Jurutauí fell straight to the ground. Dizzy, it tried to recover and sing its beautiful song, but only a strident and terrible screech came from its throat and echoed through the forest. The other birds surrounded Jurutauí and mourned for the loss of the most beautiful birdsong in the forest. Now when the forest echoes with raucous and sad notes, everyone knows that it’s because Jurutauí is singing.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-juru.html > CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em:31 jul. 16 (adaptado).

TEXT II

The Jurutauí Legend

Jurutauí was the bird with the most beautiful song in the forest and, because it sang so melodiously, it was truly admired by the other birds. One day Jurutauí saw the moon shining splendidly and fell deeply in love with her. Then, to be heard by its muse, it flew to the highest tree to sing love songs through the night, filling the forest with the most devoted sounds.

Jurutauí couldn’t accept such a distance from its lover and flew higher and higher, trying to reach it. But the power of gravity could not be overcome. After a long struggle Jurutauí fell straight to the ground. Dizzy, it tried to recover and sing its beautiful song, but only a strident and terrible screech came from its throat and echoed through the forest. The other birds surrounded Jurutauí and mourned for the loss of the most beautiful birdsong in the forest. Now when the forest echoes with raucous and sad notes, everyone knows that it’s because Jurutauí is singing.

Disponível em: < http://www.sumauma.net/amazonian/legends/ legends-juru.html > CELEMENT, Rosa. Acesso em:31 jul. 16 (adaptado).

TEXT I

‘500 Years of Brazil’s Discovery’

By GAIL FINEBERG

Our territory was already inhabited before 1500 A.D., by a large population, estimated in the 1500s at 3 million Indians, with their own communal organization and traditions.

The encounter occurred on April 22, 1500, when Pedro Álvares Cabral, commander of a Portuguese armada, sighted the South American mainland and staked a claim for Portugal. The Portuguese found Brazil attractive, as did the French, Dutch and Spanish. The first agreement between Spain and Portugal on frontiers was not reached until 1750.

The Jesuits were enterprising, and their missionary efforts spread throughout the country between 1625 and 1759.

The religious influence was responsible for an extraordinarily beautiful Brazilian baroque architecture.

Thoughts of independence began to take root in the late 18th century. Revolutionary events in Europe had a profound effect on Brazil. Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal prompted the Portuguese prince regent, Dom João, to move the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1808.

Brazil matured quickly as the seat of the Portuguese empire. The prince opened Brazilian ports to trade with friendly nations, including Great Britain, and also government offices in Rio de Janeiro, a supreme court, a bank, the royal treasury, mint, printing office, a national library with holdings from the Portuguese National Library and other academic institutions.

With the death of Portugal’s queen, Maria I, in 1816, the regent became King João VI. He returned to Portugal in 1821 to contain a revolution there and appointed his son, Dom Pedro, as regent in Brazil. Dom Pedro refused orders a few months later to return to Lisbon, established a legislative assembly in São Paulo and proclaimed Brazil’s independence from Portugal on Sept. 7, 1822.

Dom Pedro I was crowned emperor in 1822, but after a troubled reign marked by conflict with the assembly, he abdicated in favor of 5-year- old Dom Pedro de Alcântara in 1831. For the next nine years, Brazil seethed with civil unrest until both houses of parliament declared the young regent had reached majority in 1840. The Brazilian Empire lasted to 1889.

Dom Pedro II proved to be an enlightened leader. Brazil grew and prospered under his reign, and the country enjoyed a great deal of stability. (The country’s population grew from 4 million to 14 million; railroads built 5,000 miles of track; and public revenues and products multiplied.) However, support for a republic grew, and the empire finally collapsed in 1889, when the royal family went to exile in Europe.

The country’s 19th century economy relied on slave-based agriculture. Slave trade with Africa did not cease until 1853.

At the dawn of the 21st century, Brazil, with an economy that is the eighth largest in the world, is a contributor of music, painting, literature and other arts to the world’s culture.

https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0006/brazil.html

TEXT I

‘500 Years of Brazil’s Discovery’

By GAIL FINEBERG

Our territory was already inhabited before 1500 A.D., by a large population, estimated in the 1500s at 3 million Indians, with their own communal organization and traditions.

The encounter occurred on April 22, 1500, when Pedro Álvares Cabral, commander of a Portuguese armada, sighted the South American mainland and staked a claim for Portugal. The Portuguese found Brazil attractive, as did the French, Dutch and Spanish. The first agreement between Spain and Portugal on frontiers was not reached until 1750.

The Jesuits were enterprising, and their missionary efforts spread throughout the country between 1625 and 1759.

The religious influence was responsible for an extraordinarily beautiful Brazilian baroque architecture.

Thoughts of independence began to take root in the late 18th century. Revolutionary events in Europe had a profound effect on Brazil. Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal prompted the Portuguese prince regent, Dom João, to move the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1808.

Brazil matured quickly as the seat of the Portuguese empire. The prince opened Brazilian ports to trade with friendly nations, including Great Britain, and also government offices in Rio de Janeiro, a supreme court, a bank, the royal treasury, mint, printing office, a national library with holdings from the Portuguese National Library and other academic institutions.

With the death of Portugal’s queen, Maria I, in 1816, the regent became King João VI. He returned to Portugal in 1821 to contain a revolution there and appointed his son, Dom Pedro, as regent in Brazil. Dom Pedro refused orders a few months later to return to Lisbon, established a legislative assembly in São Paulo and proclaimed Brazil’s independence from Portugal on Sept. 7, 1822.

Dom Pedro I was crowned emperor in 1822, but after a troubled reign marked by conflict with the assembly, he abdicated in favor of 5-year- old Dom Pedro de Alcântara in 1831. For the next nine years, Brazil seethed with civil unrest until both houses of parliament declared the young regent had reached majority in 1840. The Brazilian Empire lasted to 1889.

Dom Pedro II proved to be an enlightened leader. Brazil grew and prospered under his reign, and the country enjoyed a great deal of stability. (The country’s population grew from 4 million to 14 million; railroads built 5,000 miles of track; and public revenues and products multiplied.) However, support for a republic grew, and the empire finally collapsed in 1889, when the royal family went to exile in Europe.

The country’s 19th century economy relied on slave-based agriculture. Slave trade with Africa did not cease until 1853.

At the dawn of the 21st century, Brazil, with an economy that is the eighth largest in the world, is a contributor of music, painting, literature and other arts to the world’s culture.

https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0006/brazil.html

TEXT I

‘500 Years of Brazil’s Discovery’

By GAIL FINEBERG

Our territory was already inhabited before 1500 A.D., by a large population, estimated in the 1500s at 3 million Indians, with their own communal organization and traditions.

The encounter occurred on April 22, 1500, when Pedro Álvares Cabral, commander of a Portuguese armada, sighted the South American mainland and staked a claim for Portugal. The Portuguese found Brazil attractive, as did the French, Dutch and Spanish. The first agreement between Spain and Portugal on frontiers was not reached until 1750.

The Jesuits were enterprising, and their missionary efforts spread throughout the country between 1625 and 1759.

The religious influence was responsible for an extraordinarily beautiful Brazilian baroque architecture.

Thoughts of independence began to take root in the late 18th century. Revolutionary events in Europe had a profound effect on Brazil. Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal prompted the Portuguese prince regent, Dom João, to move the Portuguese court to Brazil in 1808.

Brazil matured quickly as the seat of the Portuguese empire. The prince opened Brazilian ports to trade with friendly nations, including Great Britain, and also government offices in Rio de Janeiro, a supreme court, a bank, the royal treasury, mint, printing office, a national library with holdings from the Portuguese National Library and other academic institutions.

With the death of Portugal’s queen, Maria I, in 1816, the regent became King João VI. He returned to Portugal in 1821 to contain a revolution there and appointed his son, Dom Pedro, as regent in Brazil. Dom Pedro refused orders a few months later to return to Lisbon, established a legislative assembly in São Paulo and proclaimed Brazil’s independence from Portugal on Sept. 7, 1822.

Dom Pedro I was crowned emperor in 1822, but after a troubled reign marked by conflict with the assembly, he abdicated in favor of 5-year- old Dom Pedro de Alcântara in 1831. For the next nine years, Brazil seethed with civil unrest until both houses of parliament declared the young regent had reached majority in 1840. The Brazilian Empire lasted to 1889.

Dom Pedro II proved to be an enlightened leader. Brazil grew and prospered under his reign, and the country enjoyed a great deal of stability. (The country’s population grew from 4 million to 14 million; railroads built 5,000 miles of track; and public revenues and products multiplied.) However, support for a republic grew, and the empire finally collapsed in 1889, when the royal family went to exile in Europe.

The country’s 19th century economy relied on slave-based agriculture. Slave trade with Africa did not cease until 1853.

At the dawn of the 21st century, Brazil, with an economy that is the eighth largest in the world, is a contributor of music, painting, literature and other arts to the world’s culture.

https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0006/brazil.html

TEXTO IV

El gigante de las redes sociales, Facebook, anunció el miércoles que comprará al servicio de mensajería móvil WhatsApp por US$19.000 millones.

Según un comunicado de Facebook, la transacción se hará por US$4.000 millones en efectivo y aproximadamente US$12.000 millones en acciones de Facebook. Además se entregarán otros US$3.000 millones en acciones a los empleados y fundadores de WhatsApp, que se harán efectivos cuatro años después de la compra.

“WhatsApp está en camino de conectar a 1.000 millones de personas. Los servicios que alcanzan esa meta son todos increíblemente valiosos”, dijo el fundador y presidente de Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg.

Jan Koum, cofundador y presidente de la firma de mensajería móvil, dijo que “estamos emocionados y honrados de estar en una sociedad con Mark y Facebook mientras continuamos llevando nuestro producto a más gente en todo el mundo”.

El negocio anunciado el miércoles es la compra más grande realizada hasta ahora por Facebook.

En 2012 había comprado a Instagram por US$1.000 millones.

Perspectivas

Richard Taylor, experto en tecnología de la BBC, explicó que la compra no es tan sorpresiva como el monto que ha estado dispuesta a pagar Facebook por WhatsApp.

“Algunos están viendo los US$19.000 millones como evidencia adicional de cómo se está inflando el valor de muchas compañías, en momentos en que el sector experimenta lo que podría ser otra prueba de una nueva burbuja en el sector de las empresas punto com”.

Taylor indica que WhatsApp da a Mark Zuckerberg vías hacia los mercados internacionales y, más importante, hacia usuarios más jóvenes.

“Pero lo que es menos claro es si los ingresos aumentarán en el largo plazo”.

WhatsApp reiteró su compromiso con un servicio sin anuncios publicitarios, optando por cobrarles por el servicio apenas US$1 al año a sus usuarios.

Bajo este escenario, tendrá que continuar su trayectoria de crecimiento para asegurar cualquier retorno en las finanzas de Facebook.

En todo caso, la publicidad está mirando ahora con más atención el propio modelo de negocios de Facebook y la presión para monetizar su nueva base de usuarios en WhatsApp de la misma manera será muy tentador como para resistirse, asegura el experto en tecnología de la BBC.

Extraído de <http://www.bbc.com/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2014/02/140219_ ultnot_facebook_whatsapp_lf> acceso en 17.07.2016.