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Cromossomos são filamentos espiralados de cromatina, existente no suco nuclear de todas as células humanas, composto por DNA e proteínas, sendo observável durante a divisão celular. Em células normais são encontrados 46 cromossomos, que se organizam em 23 pares homólogos. O estudo da morfologia dos cromossomos é realizado por fixação e coloração básica, durante a metáfase da divisão celular, onde os filamentos apresentam-se mais compactos e condensados, o que facilita sua visualização por microscopia óptica e classificação. Observe os tipos de cromossomos na figura abaixo, e assinale a alterna que apresenta a classificação correta:
Provas
O acrossomo é um grande grânulo secretório que rodeia e recobre a borda anterior da cabeça dos espermatozóides, possui enzimas necessárias para fazer com que o espermatozóide penetre ou se fusione com a membrana plasmática do óvulo para realizar a fecundação, a denominada reação acrossômica. Qual organela é responsável pela origem do acrossomo no espermatozóide?
Provas
Mesmo sendo um tecido com extrema dureza e rigidez, o tecido ósseo possui uma certa platicidade, como exemplo a posição dos dentes na arcada dentária pode ser modificada por pressões laterais exercidas por aparelhos ortodônticos. Ocorrem reabsorção óssea no lado em que a pressão da raiz do dente atua sobre o osso alveolar e neofomação óssea no lado oposto, que está sujeito a uma tração por meio do ligamento periodontal. Desse modo, o dente é deslocado na arcada dentária, à medida que o osso alveolar é remodelado. Sendo Assim, quais as células do tecido ósseo participam do processo de remodelação óssea:
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Uma mulher do grupo sanguíneo A e Rh negativo, deu à luz ao seu primeiro filho, que nasceu com eritroblastose fetal. Geralmente a eritroblastose fetal ocorre na segunda gestação, na primeira gestação o contato do sangue Rh- da mãe com o Rh+ do filho, produz anticorpos anti-Rh, que atravessam a placenta e promovem a aglutinação das hemácias do feto da próxima gravidez. Assim como explicar a ocorrência da eritroblastose fetal na primeira gravidez?
Provas
O novo coronavírus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 ou SARS-CoV-2, é um vírus responsável por causar a doença COVID-19, uma síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS), em relação a sua estrutura básica, SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus de ácido ribonucleico, possuindo material genético composto por uma única molécula de RNA positivo. O seu genoma contém menos de 30.000 nucleotídeos, um ácido fosfórico e uma base nitrogenada. É um vírus encapsulado, apresenta aproximadamente 29 diferentes proteínas virais, entre elas, a glicoproteína de pico, conhecida como proteína S, presente na capsula e a proteína N, presente no nucleocapsídeo viral. Em relação a estrutura da partícula viral, considere as afirmativas a seguir:
I- A estrutura básica de um vírus é composta por dois componentes: um tipo de ácido nucléico e um envoltório feito de proteínas, denominado de capsídeo. Ao conjunto dos ácidos nucleicos com o capsídeo é dado o nome de nucleocapsídeo.
II- Na estrutura dos vírus, além do nucleocapsídeo, existe um envoltório mais externo de natureza fosfolipídica chamado de capsula ou envelope, derivado da membrana celular do hospedeiro, ao final do ciclo de replicação.
III – A presença de capsula na estrutura de alguns vírus é o motivo pelo qual as medidas de profilaxia incluem o uso do sabão e do álcool 70%. A ação destes agentes químicos remove a capsula, além de desnaturar os ácidos nucléicos, inativando assim o vírus.
IV- O genoma viral é o conjunto total de ácidos nucléicos, do tipo ácido ribonucleico (RNA). O padrão mais comum na natureza é uma fita simples de RNA. Mas, alguns vírus, no entanto, fogem a essa regra e podem ter RNA de fita dupla.
Assinale a alternativa correta:
Provas
Considere as afirmações a seguir e assinale a alternativa CORRETA:
1. O Romantismo Brasileiro, tendo como traço reconhecido o esforço de buscar uma fisionomia nacional que se distanciasse da literatura europeia, investiu no aportuguesamento da língua.
2. Nossos escritores românticos eram unânimes quanto ao reconhecimento da importância da contribuição de africanos e índios, como marca que nos diferenciava da literatura europeia.
3. Álvares de Azevedo negava a importância do elemento indígena para a consolidação da literatura nacional brasileira.
Provas
Nas várias literaturas escritas em língua portuguesa, a experiência da condição colonial faz com que temas semelhantes ocorram em tempos e lugares muito diferentes entre si, como no Brasil e em vários países africanos, ex-colônias de Portugal.
Leia o fragmento a seguir e assinale a alternativa CORRETA:
As terras sentidas de África
nos ais chorosos do antigo e do novo escravo
no suor aviltante do batuque impuro
de outros mares
sentidas,
As terras sentidas de África
na sensação infame do perfume estonteante da flor
esmagada na floresta
pela imoralidade do ferro e do fogo
as terras sentidas
(NETO, Agostinho. [Trecho de] As terras sentidas.
Poemas. Disponível em <
https://www.uccla.pt/sites/default/files/colectania_poem
as_ag_neto.pdf>
Sobre o trecho do poeta e herói nacional angolano Agostinho Neto é CORRETO afirmar:
Provas
Coronavirus has swept through tribes, killing elders and inflicting irreparable damage on tribal history, culture and medicine
When Bep Karoti Xikrin fell ill with Covid-19, he refused to go to a hospital. The 64-year-old chief of a Xikrin indigenous village in Brazil’s Amazon was plagued by headaches and fatigue and struggled for breath. But, according to his daughter Bekuoi Raquel, he was afraid that if he were admitted to hospital he might never return.
Instead, he died in his village – and with him, was lost decades of knowledge and leadership. “He knew so much about things we haven’t even experienced,” said Bekuoi, 21. “Everyone admired him. He was very loved.”
As Brazil’s confirmed overall death toll from Covid-19 passes 50,000, the virus is scything through the country’s indigenous communities, killing chiefs, elders and traditional healers – and raising fears that alongside the toll of human lives, the pandemic may inflict irreparable damage on tribal knowledge of history, culture and natural medicine.
The Munduruku people alone have lost 10 sábios, or wise ones. “We always say they are living libraries,” said Alessandra Munduruku, a tribal leader. “It’s been very painful.”
The victims include prominent figures such as Paulinho Paiakan, a Kayapó leader who fought alongside rock star Sting against the Belo Monte dam.
The indigenous organisation Apib has logged at least 332 Covid-19 deaths, and 7,208 coronavirus cases across 110 communities. “We are facing extermination,” said its executive coordinator, Dinamam Tuxá.
Indigenous leaders such as Tuxá say the government of the far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, is failing to protect the country’s 900,000 indigenous people – many of whom live in small communities, where dozens often share the same house.
Tuxá said Brazil’s Funai indigenous agency has taken too long to send emergency food kits to people isolating in their villages, forcing them to risk infection by traveling to nearby towns for emergency government payments. Funai said it had delivered 82,000 basic food kits and 43,000 hygiene kits.
Some leaders even blame government health workers for bringing the virus. Katia Silene Akrãtikatêjê, 51, a chief from the Gavião tribe in Pará state, believes she caught Covid-19 after a government health team visited their village to give flu vaccines. “Everyone got sick from there on,” she said.
From: shorturl.at/finAM. Accessed on 07/01/2020
As críticas que o líder indígena Tuxá fez estão relacionadas ao fato de o governo federal:
Provas
Coronavirus has swept through tribes, killing elders and inflicting irreparable damage on tribal history, culture and medicine
When Bep Karoti Xikrin fell ill with Covid-19, he refused to go to a hospital. The 64-year-old chief of a Xikrin indigenous village in Brazil’s Amazon was plagued by headaches and fatigue and struggled for breath. But, according to his daughter Bekuoi Raquel, he was afraid that if he were admitted to hospital he might never return.
Instead, he died in his village – and with him, was lost decades of knowledge and leadership. “He knew so much about things we haven’t even experienced,” said Bekuoi, 21. “Everyone admired him. He was very loved.”
As Brazil’s confirmed overall death toll from Covid-19 passes 50,000, the virus is scything through the country’s indigenous communities, killing chiefs, elders and traditional healers – and raising fears that alongside the toll of human lives, the pandemic may inflict irreparable damage on tribal knowledge of history, culture and natural medicine.
The Munduruku people alone have lost 10 sábios, or wise ones. “We always say they are living libraries,” said Alessandra Munduruku, a tribal leader. “It’s been very painful.”
The victims include prominent figures such as Paulinho Paiakan, a Kayapó leader who fought alongside rock star Sting against the Belo Monte dam.
The indigenous organisation Apib has logged at least 332 Covid-19 deaths, and 7,208 coronavirus cases across 110 communities. “We are facing extermination,” said its executive coordinator, Dinamam Tuxá.
Indigenous leaders such as Tuxá say the government of the far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, is failing to protect the country’s 900,000 indigenous people – many of whom live in small communities, where dozens often share the same house.
Tuxá said Brazil’s Funai indigenous agency has taken too long to send emergency food kits to people isolating in their villages, forcing them to risk infection by traveling to nearby towns for emergency government payments. Funai said it had delivered 82,000 basic food kits and 43,000 hygiene kits.
Some leaders even blame government health workers for bringing the virus. Katia Silene Akrãtikatêjê, 51, a chief from the Gavião tribe in Pará state, believes she caught Covid-19 after a government health team visited their village to give flu vaccines. “Everyone got sick from there on,” she said.
From: shorturl.at/finAM. Accessed on 07/01/2020
De acordo com o texto, a população indígena do Brasil teme que a COVID-19:
Provas
Coronavirus is 10 times deadlier than swine flu:WHO
COVID-19, the disease caused by coronavirus, is officially 10 times deadlier than the H1N1 swine flu strain that ripped across much of the world in 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed Monday.
The only way to truly halt the spread is a vaccine, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a briefing from Geneva. More than 1.8 million people have been infected so far worldwide, and at least 115,000 have died.
“Evidence from several countries is giving us a clearer picture about this virus, how it behaves, how to stop it and how to treat it,” Tedros said. “We know that COVID-19 spreads fast, and we know that it is deadly – 10 times deadlier than the 2009 flu pandemic.”
While swine flu, as it was popularly known, killed 18,500 people, the true toll may have been closer to between 151,700 and 575,400, Agence France Presse (AFP) reported, citing The Lancet.
“We know that the virus can spread more easily in crowded environments like nursing homes,” Tedros continued. “We know that early case finding, testing, isolating, caring for every case, and tracing every contact is essential for stopping transmission.”
Pointing out that in some countries cases are doubling every three to four days, the disease accelerates fast but “decelerates much more slowly,” Tedros said. “In other words, the way down is much slower than the way up,” he said. “That means control measures must be lifted slowly and with control.”
Tedros cautioned that restarting the shutdown portions of the economy in the U.S. and other countries whose leaders have been anxious to loosen restrictions could prove deadly. He also exhorted everyone around the world to work
together, as several development ministers from the United Kingdom, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Germany,, Norway and Sweden had done in a recent joint editorial.
From: shorturl.at/fhjPR. Accessed on 04/14/2020
Para o diretor da OMS, a solução mais eficaz para parar a propagação do corona vírus é:
Provas
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