Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s Guide to Cell Culture:

Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems. Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.

PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)

Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s Guide to Cell Culture:

Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems. Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.

PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)

Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s Guide to Cell Culture:

Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems. Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.

PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)

Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s Guide to Cell Culture:

Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems. Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.

PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)

Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s Guide to Cell Culture:

Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems. Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.

PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)

Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s Guide to Cell Culture:

Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems. Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.

PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)

What does a Theatrical Company Manager do?

It’s difficult to pin down exactly what a theatrical company manager does simply because they do so much: negotiate contracts, organize payroll, pay for purchases of outside materials, organize rehearsals, arrange transportation and lodging for cast and crew, assist the director, and – of course – handle emergencies inside and outside of the theater. Crucially, company managers also act as the link between the general manager – their boss – and the rest of the company. A generalized problem solver with a focus on human resources and logistics, the company manager’s work is never over, and rarely the same from day to day.

Expected Professional Education

The company manager is one of the highest-ranking professionals in any theater company or production, responsible for overseeing almost all logistical and administrative processes. While a company manager could possibly do well with no more than a bachelor’s degree, most theater companies prefer a master’s degree in theater management, business management, or arts administration.

Many company managers get started as stage managers, working directly with the director, actors, and designers in rehearsal and calling the show. Over time, they may move gradually towards the broader logistical duties of a company manager, perhaps progressing first to become the head of operations or audience services. As this is a high-ranking position, most company managers advance by seeking longterm positions with prestigious and well-funded companies. They can also progress to become general managers, or even choose to become production managers.

(https://www.berklee.edu. Adaptado)

What does a Theatrical Company Manager do?

It’s difficult to pin down exactly what a theatrical company manager does simply because they do so much: negotiate contracts, organize payroll, pay for purchases of outside materials, organize rehearsals, arrange transportation and lodging for cast and crew, assist the director, and – of course – handle emergencies inside and outside of the theater. Crucially, company managers also act as the link between the general manager – their boss – and the rest of the company. A generalized problem solver with a focus on human resources and logistics, the company manager’s work is never over, and rarely the same from day to day.

Expected Professional Education

The company manager is one of the highest-ranking professionals in any theater company or production, responsible for overseeing almost all logistical and administrative processes. While a company manager could possibly do well with no more than a bachelor’s degree, most theater companies prefer a master’s degree in theater management, business management, or arts administration.

Many company managers get started as stage managers, working directly with the director, actors, and designers in rehearsal and calling the show. Over time, they may move gradually towards the broader logistical duties of a company manager, perhaps progressing first to become the head of operations or audience services. As this is a high-ranking position, most company managers advance by seeking longterm positions with prestigious and well-funded companies. They can also progress to become general managers, or even choose to become production managers.

(https://www.berklee.edu. Adaptado)

What does a Theatrical Company Manager do?

It’s difficult to pin down exactly what a theatrical company manager does simply because they do so much: negotiate contracts, organize payroll, pay for purchases of outside materials, organize rehearsals, arrange transportation and lodging for cast and crew, assist the director, and – of course – handle emergencies inside and outside of the theater. Crucially, company managers also act as the link between the general manager – their boss – and the rest of the company. A generalized problem solver with a focus on human resources and logistics, the company manager’s work is never over, and rarely the same from day to day.

Expected Professional Education

The company manager is one of the highest-ranking professionals in any theater company or production, responsible for overseeing almost all logistical and administrative processes. While a company manager could possibly do well with no more than a bachelor’s degree, most theater companies prefer a master’s degree in theater management, business management, or arts administration.

Many company managers get started as stage managers, working directly with the director, actors, and designers in rehearsal and calling the show. Over time, they may move gradually towards the broader logistical duties of a company manager, perhaps progressing first to become the head of operations or audience services. As this is a high-ranking position, most company managers advance by seeking longterm positions with prestigious and well-funded companies. They can also progress to become general managers, or even choose to become production managers.

(https://www.berklee.edu. Adaptado)

What does a Theatrical Company Manager do?

It’s difficult to pin down exactly what a theatrical company manager does simply because they do so much: negotiate contracts, organize payroll, pay for purchases of outside materials, organize rehearsals, arrange transportation and lodging for cast and crew, assist the director, and – of course – handle emergencies inside and outside of the theater. Crucially, company managers also act as the link between the general manager – their boss – and the rest of the company. A generalized problem solver with a focus on human resources and logistics, the company manager’s work is never over, and rarely the same from day to day.

Expected Professional Education

The company manager is one of the highest-ranking professionals in any theater company or production, responsible for overseeing almost all logistical and administrative processes. While a company manager could possibly do well with no more than a bachelor’s degree, most theater companies prefer a master’s degree in theater management, business management, or arts administration.

Many company managers get started as stage managers, working directly with the director, actors, and designers in rehearsal and calling the show. Over time, they may move gradually towards the broader logistical duties of a company manager, perhaps progressing first to become the head of operations or audience services. As this is a high-ranking position, most company managers advance by seeking longterm positions with prestigious and well-funded companies. They can also progress to become general managers, or even choose to become production managers.

(https://www.berklee.edu. Adaptado)