The word “therefore” used in the text can be substituted, without change in meaning, by which one of the following?

What does the term “willingness” most closely mean in the context of this text?

What does the “L2 Motivational Self System” primarily involve?

“Cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike apologized after an update to its antivirus software”.
About the indefinite articles “an/a”, mark the option which it is NOT properly used

Read and mark the option which fills in the blanks accordingly.
On Friday, a major tech failure ________ services worldwide and highlighted the vulnerability of interconnected technologies.
Cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike apologized after an update to its antivirus software, which protects Microsoft Windows devices from attacks, caused a global ________ . This led to thousands of flight cancellations and delays and affected banking, healthcare, and payment systems. Although the software bug has been fixed, experts warn that manually ________ each affected computer will take significant time and effort. Microsoft estimated that 8.5 million computers globally were impacted by the ________ , making it the worst cyber event in history. The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre and Germany’s IT security agency have warned that ________ might exploit the situation. Despite the fix, it will take time to resolve all issues and clear backlogs. It is important to be prepared for such disruptions in the future and have resilient systems.
Available at: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/global-it-outage-level-3/. Accessed: July 25, 2024.

“There ain't no one around at all to see us [...]”. The term “ain’t”

“Mind” [line 04] is a multiple-meaning word. It plays different roles according to the context given. Mark the correct option according to the multiple uses of the term “mind”. 

I. “Never mind I’ll find someone like you.” - said Adele.
II. “Would you mind putting your seat upright?” - said the flight attendant.
III. “Mind your own business!” - said Kathleen.
IV. “You also need to bear in mind that not every student here can fully understand it.” - said the teacher.

V. “I don’t mind telling people my age.” - said Mrs. Howard.

Read.
I. ZERO CONDITIONAL: If you don’t study it, you fail. II. FIRST CONDITIONAL: If you don’t study it, you’ll fail. III. SECOND CONDITIONAL: If you didn’t study it, you would fail. IV. THIRD CONDITIONAL: If you hadn’t studied, you would’ve failed.
Now mark the correct option.

Considering the collocations with “do” or “make”, mark the incorrect option

Read the following headline.
“Roma’s friendly with Toulouse called off due to concerns of public order”
Available at: https://romapress.net/romas-friendly-with-toulouse-called-off-due-to-concerns-of-public-order/. Accessed: July 23, 2024.


Identifying phrasal verbs and their meanings when reading a text plays an important role in reading comprehension. A suitable synonym for the PHRASAL VERB presented in the headline above is: