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Driven by pre-salt, oil becomes Brazil's top export
Revenues
The discovery of the pre-salt was so significant for
Brazil's oil production potential that it led the government
to change the regime that authorized companies to
explore the submerged resources.
As a result, the pre-salt areas are governed by the
sharing regime. Under this model, surplus oil
production—the balance after covering costs—is divided
between the company and the Brazilian government.
During the auction that authorizes exploration, the
company offering the highest share of profits to the
federal government is granted the right to explore.
This is distinct from the concession model, which applies
to the post-salt period. In this system, the risk of
investment and exploration lies with the concessionaire,
who becomes the owner of all the oil and gas that may
be discovered. In return, the company pays royalties and
special participation fees, particularly for large production
fields, in addition to a signature bonus upon winning the
auction.
New frontiers
With the pre-salt expected to reach its peak in the 2030s,
Brazil's oil industry, led by Petrobras, is shifting its focus
to new oil frontiers that are believed to hold significant
production potential.
One such frontier is the so-called equatorial margin,
located off Brazil's northern coast, where exploration is
pending a favorable decision from the Brazilian Institute
for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources
(Ibama), an agency under the Ministry of the Environment
and Climate Change.
Another promising region is the Pelotas Basin, located off
Brazil's southern coast. The growing interest in this area
is fueled by the discovery of oil wells in Uruguay and off
the coasts of Namibia and South Africa. Experts suggest
that the geological conditions in these regions are similar,
as the continents were once joined tens of millions of
years ago.
According to Petrobras, the company plans to invest $79
billion in exploring new oil and gas frontiers by 2029. Of
this amount, 40 percent will be allocated to the South and
Southeast regions, 38 percent to the equatorial margin,
with the remainder directed towards other countries.
From MOURA, Bruno de Freitas. Driven by pre-salt, oil becomes
Brazil's top export. Rio de Janeiro, Agência Brasil, Jan 18th,2025.
Accessed on February 21st, 2025
I.The implemented sharing system consists in the company offering the government the largest percentage of oil has the right to extract.
II.Pre-salt areas are divided between companies, as well as the revenues.
III.The Brazilian government owns those companies.
IV.The risk of investment lies on the company in the concession model.
Select the correct alternative:
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Downstream: Refining and Marketing
While refining is a complex process, the goal is straightforward: to take crude oil, which is virtually unusable in its natural state, and transform it into petroleum products used for a variety of purposes such as heating homes, fueling vehicles and making petrochemical plastics.
Wolcott, Marion Post. Barnsdall oil refinery. Kansas, 1941.
A number of processes are involved in refining depending on the wanted end product. Hydrotreating is used to remove unwanted elements, such as sulphur and nitrogen from hydrocarbons; cracking breaks molecules into smaller fragments to produce gasoline and other lighter hydrocarbons. The gases produced by cracking are used to create other products like synthetic rubber and plastics. When making gasoline, refiners need high octane numbers to prevent engine knocking. Despite knowing the dangers of lead, tetraethyl lead was added to gasoline in the United States in the 1920s in order to increase the octane. Since the U.S. government banned lead in vehicle gasoline in 1996 as part of the U.S. Clean Air Act, refineries use alkylation and reforming to develop high-octane gasoline.
(From Oil and Gas Industry: A Research Guide, Library of Congress https://guides.loc.gov/oil-and-gas-industry/downstream, accessed on February 19th, 2025)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.
Downstream: Refining and Marketing
While refining is a complex process, the goal is
straightforward: to take crude oil, which is virtually
unusable in its natural state, and transform it into
petroleum products used for a variety of purposes such
as heating homes, fueling vehicles and making
petrochemical plastics.
Wolcott, Marion Post. Barnsdall oil refinery. Kansas, 1941.
A number of processes are involved in refining
depending on the wanted end product. Hydrotreating is
used to remove unwanted elements, such as sulphur and
nitrogen from hydrocarbons; cracking breaks molecules
into smaller fragments to produce gasoline and other
lighter hydrocarbons. The gases produced by cracking
are used to create other products like synthetic rubber
and plastics. When making gasoline, refiners need high
octane numbers to prevent engine knocking. Despite
knowing the dangers of lead, tetraethyl lead was added
to gasoline in the United States in the 1920s in order to
increase the octane. Since the U.S. government banned
lead in vehicle gasoline in 1996 as part of the U.S. Clean
Air Act, refineries use alkylation and reforming to develop
high-octane gasoline.
(From Oil and Gas Industry: A Research Guide, Library of Congress
https://guides.loc.gov/oil-and-gas-industry/downstream, accessed on
February 19th, 2025)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.
Downstream: Refining and Marketing
While refining is a complex process, the goal is
straightforward: to take crude oil, which is virtually
unusable in its natural state, and transform it into
petroleum products used for a variety of purposes such
as heating homes, fueling vehicles and making
petrochemical plastics.
Wolcott, Marion Post. Barnsdall oil refinery. Kansas, 1941.
A number of processes are involved in refining
depending on the wanted end product. Hydrotreating is
used to remove unwanted elements, such as sulphur and
nitrogen from hydrocarbons; cracking breaks molecules
into smaller fragments to produce gasoline and other
lighter hydrocarbons. The gases produced by cracking
are used to create other products like synthetic rubber
and plastics. When making gasoline, refiners need high
octane numbers to prevent engine knocking. Despite
knowing the dangers of lead, tetraethyl lead was added
to gasoline in the United States in the 1920s in order to
increase the octane. Since the U.S. government banned
lead in vehicle gasoline in 1996 as part of the U.S. Clean
Air Act, refineries use alkylation and reforming to develop
high-octane gasoline.
(From Oil and Gas Industry: A Research Guide, Library of Congress
https://guides.loc.gov/oil-and-gas-industry/downstream, accessed on
February 19th, 2025)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.
Downstream: Refining and Marketing
While refining is a complex process, the goal is
straightforward: to take crude oil, which is virtually
unusable in its natural state, and transform it into
petroleum products used for a variety of purposes such
as heating homes, fueling vehicles and making
petrochemical plastics.
Wolcott, Marion Post. Barnsdall oil refinery. Kansas, 1941.
A number of processes are involved in refining
depending on the wanted end product. Hydrotreating is
used to remove unwanted elements, such as sulphur and
nitrogen from hydrocarbons; cracking breaks molecules
into smaller fragments to produce gasoline and other
lighter hydrocarbons. The gases produced by cracking
are used to create other products like synthetic rubber
and plastics. When making gasoline, refiners need high
octane numbers to prevent engine knocking. Despite
knowing the dangers of lead, tetraethyl lead was added
to gasoline in the United States in the 1920s in order to
increase the octane. Since the U.S. government banned
lead in vehicle gasoline in 1996 as part of the U.S. Clean
Air Act, refineries use alkylation and reforming to develop
high-octane gasoline.
(From Oil and Gas Industry: A Research Guide, Library of Congress
https://guides.loc.gov/oil-and-gas-industry/downstream, accessed on
February 19th, 2025)
Identify the appropriate phrasal verb, which covers the same meaning of to increase in (...) tetraethyl lead was added to gasoline in the United States in the 1920s in order to increase the octane:
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.
Downstream: Refining and Marketing
While refining is a complex process, the goal is
straightforward: to take crude oil, which is virtually
unusable in its natural state, and transform it into
petroleum products used for a variety of purposes such
as heating homes, fueling vehicles and making
petrochemical plastics.
Wolcott, Marion Post. Barnsdall oil refinery. Kansas, 1941.
A number of processes are involved in refining
depending on the wanted end product. Hydrotreating is
used to remove unwanted elements, such as sulphur and
nitrogen from hydrocarbons; cracking breaks molecules
into smaller fragments to produce gasoline and other
lighter hydrocarbons. The gases produced by cracking
are used to create other products like synthetic rubber
and plastics. When making gasoline, refiners need high
octane numbers to prevent engine knocking. Despite
knowing the dangers of lead, tetraethyl lead was added
to gasoline in the United States in the 1920s in order to
increase the octane. Since the U.S. government banned
lead in vehicle gasoline in 1996 as part of the U.S. Clean
Air Act, refineries use alkylation and reforming to develop
high-octane gasoline.
(From Oil and Gas Industry: A Research Guide, Library of Congress
https://guides.loc.gov/oil-and-gas-industry/downstream, accessed on
February 19th, 2025)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4004423
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Provas:
- Gramática - Língua InglesaVerbos | VerbsInfinitivo e gerúndio | Infinitive and gerund
- Gramática - Língua InglesaPreposições | Prepositions
Brazil
Brazil is a leader in entrepreneurship*, with an
estimated one in eight adults being “entrepreneurs.”
Much of the business that occurs in Brazil is done by
single businesspeople either selling their homemade
goods or providing their services. Foreign
entrepreneurship is a bit of a rarity in Brazil. It is simple
for a local businessperson to open a business by, in most
cases, circumventing the typical red tape* associated
with starting a business. The regulatory boards are so
poorly managed and so open to bribes* that local
entrepreneurs can easily sneak by without following
proper procedure. For foreign businesspeople it is much
more difficult. Foreigners draw attention to themselves
(by merely being foreigners) and therefore fall prey to
greater scrutiny. It is imperative for the foreign
businessperson to hire a good “despachante” or broker
to handle their interactions with government officials.
(http://www.internationalentrepreneurship.com/americas/brazil
Acesso em: 16.02.2024. Adaptado)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4004422
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Provas:
Brazil
Brazil is a leader in entrepreneurship*, with an
estimated one in eight adults being “entrepreneurs.”
Much of the business that occurs in Brazil is done by
single businesspeople either selling their homemade
goods or providing their services. Foreign
entrepreneurship is a bit of a rarity in Brazil. It is simple
for a local businessperson to open a business by, in most
cases, circumventing the typical red tape* associated
with starting a business. The regulatory boards are so
poorly managed and so open to bribes* that local
entrepreneurs can easily sneak by without following
proper procedure. For foreign businesspeople it is much
more difficult. Foreigners draw attention to themselves
(by merely being foreigners) and therefore fall prey to
greater scrutiny. It is imperative for the foreign
businessperson to hire a good “despachante” or broker
to handle their interactions with government officials.
(http://www.internationalentrepreneurship.com/americas/brazil
Acesso em: 16.02.2024. Adaptado)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4004421
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Provas:
Brazil
Brazil is a leader in entrepreneurship*, with an
estimated one in eight adults being “entrepreneurs.”
Much of the business that occurs in Brazil is done by
single businesspeople either selling their homemade
goods or providing their services. Foreign
entrepreneurship is a bit of a rarity in Brazil. It is simple
for a local businessperson to open a business by, in most
cases, circumventing the typical red tape* associated
with starting a business. The regulatory boards are so
poorly managed and so open to bribes* that local
entrepreneurs can easily sneak by without following
proper procedure. For foreign businesspeople it is much
more difficult. Foreigners draw attention to themselves
(by merely being foreigners) and therefore fall prey to
greater scrutiny. It is imperative for the foreign
businessperson to hire a good “despachante” or broker
to handle their interactions with government officials.
(http://www.internationalentrepreneurship.com/americas/brazil
Acesso em: 16.02.2024. Adaptado)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
4004420
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: IBED
Orgão: Pref. Cristalândia Piauí-PI
Provas:
Brazil
Brazil is a leader in entrepreneurship*, with an
estimated one in eight adults being “entrepreneurs.”
Much of the business that occurs in Brazil is done by
single businesspeople either selling their homemade
goods or providing their services. Foreign
entrepreneurship is a bit of a rarity in Brazil. It is simple
for a local businessperson to open a business by, in most
cases, circumventing the typical red tape* associated
with starting a business. The regulatory boards are so
poorly managed and so open to bribes* that local
entrepreneurs can easily sneak by without following
proper procedure. For foreign businesspeople it is much
more difficult. Foreigners draw attention to themselves
(by merely being foreigners) and therefore fall prey to
greater scrutiny. It is imperative for the foreign
businessperson to hire a good “despachante” or broker
to handle their interactions with government officials.
(http://www.internationalentrepreneurship.com/americas/brazil
Acesso em: 16.02.2024. Adaptado)
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Cadernos
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