O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.

Brazilian Indigenous groups protest as lawmakers approve bill limiting recognition of ancestral lands

(1º§) Brazil's lower house of Congress on Tuesday night approved a bill that would limit the recognition of ancestral lands in a vote met by protests from Indigenous groups.

(2º§) The bill, known as PL 490/2007, would strip the environment and Indigenous people ministries of some powers, weakening their oversight__ environmental protections and the demarcation of Indigenous lands.

(3º§) The proposed legislation, which passed by 283 votes to 155, still requires approval from the Senate and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

(4º§) Ahead of the vote, Indigenous groups blocked a highway just outside the country's largest city Sao Paulo. Protesters burned tires, fired arrows and threw objects __ the riot and military police, who used water cannons and tear gas in return.

(5º§) Indigenous groups from across the country also planned protests in the capital Brasilia, where Lula da Silva is meeting with South American leaders.

(6º§) The president could still veto the bill, Reuters reports, but Congress could have enough support to override the move.

(7º§) "PL490 has been approved by the Chamber: a serious attack on indigenous peoples and the environment," Sônia Guajajara, the Indigenous Peoples minister, tweeted late on Tuesday.

(8º§) "We keep fighting for life. Still in the Senate, we will dialogue to avoid negotiating our lives in exchange for profit and destruction. We will not give up!."

(9º§) Lula da Silva has promised to repair the damage to the Amazon caused during the tenure of his predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro. A surge in invasions and illegal extraction of natural resources in protected Indigenous lands were reported under the far-right former leader's time in office.

(10º§) Last month, Lula da Silva recognized six Indigenous territories, Reuters reports, fulfilling part of his campaign promise to protect Indigenous lands from being taken for farming, gold mining and logging in the Amazon.

(11º§) But Lula da Silva has had to face a hostile Congress, which approved expediting the bill's review process last week.

(12º§) While the bill does not impact fully recognized Indigenous territories, it would affect territories that are under claim.

(13º§) Rights groups warn that the bill would "prevent Indigenous communities from obtaining title of their lands if they were not physically present on them on October 5, 1988, the day Brazil's current Constitution was adopted," writes Human Rights Watch.

(14º§) "Indigenous peoples who were expelled from their territory before October 1988 and cannot prove they were involved in an ongoing dispute over their claim on that date would not be able to secure legal recognition of their lands," Human Rights Watch wrote in a statement.

(15º§) "Choosing an arbitrary cutoff date and refusing to recognize ancestral lands claimed after that date is not __ line with international standards," it added.

(16º§) If the bill passes, it could tarnish Lula da Silva's climate ambitions. "If Lula loses this battle in Congress, it will represent yet another political defeat for his administration and display the conservative force he faces," Bruna Santos, director of the Wilson Center's Brazil Institute, told CNN.

i--nt--aaammmmindex.htm /2023/05/30/americas/brazil-indigenous-protest-bill-intl-latam/index.html

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.

Brazilian Indigenous groups protest as lawmakers approve bill limiting recognition of ancestral lands

(1º§) Brazil's lower house of Congress on Tuesday night approved a bill that would limit the recognition of ancestral lands in a vote met by protests from Indigenous groups.

(2º§) The bill, known as PL 490/2007, would strip the environment and Indigenous people ministries of some powers, weakening their oversight__ environmental protections and the demarcation of Indigenous lands.

(3º§) The proposed legislation, which passed by 283 votes to 155, still requires approval from the Senate and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

(4º§) Ahead of the vote, Indigenous groups blocked a highway just outside the country's largest city Sao Paulo. Protesters burned tires, fired arrows and threw objects __ the riot and military police, who used water cannons and tear gas in return.

(5º§) Indigenous groups from across the country also planned protests in the capital Brasilia, where Lula da Silva is meeting with South American leaders.

(6º§) The president could still veto the bill, Reuters reports, but Congress could have enough support to override the move.

(7º§) "PL490 has been approved by the Chamber: a serious attack on indigenous peoples and the environment," Sônia Guajajara, the Indigenous Peoples minister, tweeted late on Tuesday.

(8º§) "We keep fighting for life. Still in the Senate, we will dialogue to avoid negotiating our lives in exchange for profit and destruction. We will not give up!."

(9º§) Lula da Silva has promised to repair the damage to the Amazon caused during the tenure of his predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro. A surge in invasions and illegal extraction of natural resources in protected Indigenous lands were reported under the far-right former leader's time in office.

(10º§) Last month, Lula da Silva recognized six Indigenous territories, Reuters reports, fulfilling part of his campaign promise to protect Indigenous lands from being taken for farming, gold mining and logging in the Amazon.

(11º§) But Lula da Silva has had to face a hostile Congress, which approved expediting the bill's review process last week.

(12º§) While the bill does not impact fully recognized Indigenous territories, it would affect territories that are under claim.

(13º§) Rights groups warn that the bill would "prevent Indigenous communities from obtaining title of their lands if they were not physically present on them on October 5, 1988, the day Brazil's current Constitution was adopted," writes Human Rights Watch.

(14º§) "Indigenous peoples who were expelled from their territory before October 1988 and cannot prove they were involved in an ongoing dispute over their claim on that date would not be able to secure legal recognition of their lands," Human Rights Watch wrote in a statement.

(15º§) "Choosing an arbitrary cutoff date and refusing to recognize ancestral lands claimed after that date is not __ line with international standards," it added.

(16º§) If the bill passes, it could tarnish Lula da Silva's climate ambitions. "If Lula loses this battle in Congress, it will represent yet another political defeat for his administration and display the conservative force he faces," Bruna Santos, director of the Wilson Center's Brazil Institute, told CNN.

i--nt--aaammmmindex.htm /2023/05/30/americas/brazil-indigenous-protest-bill-intl-latam/index.html

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.

Brazilian Indigenous groups protest as lawmakers approve bill limiting recognition of ancestral lands

(1º§) Brazil's lower house of Congress on Tuesday night approved a bill that would limit the recognition of ancestral lands in a vote met by protests from Indigenous groups.

(2º§) The bill, known as PL 490/2007, would strip the environment and Indigenous people ministries of some powers, weakening their oversight__ environmental protections and the demarcation of Indigenous lands.

(3º§) The proposed legislation, which passed by 283 votes to 155, still requires approval from the Senate and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

(4º§) Ahead of the vote, Indigenous groups blocked a highway just outside the country's largest city Sao Paulo. Protesters burned tires, fired arrows and threw objects __ the riot and military police, who used water cannons and tear gas in return.

(5º§) Indigenous groups from across the country also planned protests in the capital Brasilia, where Lula da Silva is meeting with South American leaders.

(6º§) The president could still veto the bill, Reuters reports, but Congress could have enough support to override the move.

(7º§) "PL490 has been approved by the Chamber: a serious attack on indigenous peoples and the environment," Sônia Guajajara, the Indigenous Peoples minister, tweeted late on Tuesday.

(8º§) "We keep fighting for life. Still in the Senate, we will dialogue to avoid negotiating our lives in exchange for profit and destruction. We will not give up!."

(9º§) Lula da Silva has promised to repair the damage to the Amazon caused during the tenure of his predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro. A surge in invasions and illegal extraction of natural resources in protected Indigenous lands were reported under the far-right former leader's time in office.

(10º§) Last month, Lula da Silva recognized six Indigenous territories, Reuters reports, fulfilling part of his campaign promise to protect Indigenous lands from being taken for farming, gold mining and logging in the Amazon.

(11º§) But Lula da Silva has had to face a hostile Congress, which approved expediting the bill's review process last week.

(12º§) While the bill does not impact fully recognized Indigenous territories, it would affect territories that are under claim.

(13º§) Rights groups warn that the bill would "prevent Indigenous communities from obtaining title of their lands if they were not physically present on them on October 5, 1988, the day Brazil's current Constitution was adopted," writes Human Rights Watch.

(14º§) "Indigenous peoples who were expelled from their territory before October 1988 and cannot prove they were involved in an ongoing dispute over their claim on that date would not be able to secure legal recognition of their lands," Human Rights Watch wrote in a statement.

(15º§) "Choosing an arbitrary cutoff date and refusing to recognize ancestral lands claimed after that date is not __ line with international standards," it added.

(16º§) If the bill passes, it could tarnish Lula da Silva's climate ambitions. "If Lula loses this battle in Congress, it will represent yet another political defeat for his administration and display the conservative force he faces," Bruna Santos, director of the Wilson Center's Brazil Institute, told CNN.

i--nt--aaammmmindex.htm /2023/05/30/americas/brazil-indigenous-protest-bill-intl-latam/index.html

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.

Brazilian Indigenous groups protest as lawmakers approve bill limiting recognition of ancestral lands

(1º§) Brazil's lower house of Congress on Tuesday night approved a bill that would limit the recognition of ancestral lands in a vote met by protests from Indigenous groups.

(2º§) The bill, known as PL 490/2007, would strip the environment and Indigenous people ministries of some powers, weakening their oversight__ environmental protections and the demarcation of Indigenous lands.

(3º§) The proposed legislation, which passed by 283 votes to 155, still requires approval from the Senate and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

(4º§) Ahead of the vote, Indigenous groups blocked a highway just outside the country's largest city Sao Paulo. Protesters burned tires, fired arrows and threw objects __ the riot and military police, who used water cannons and tear gas in return.

(5º§) Indigenous groups from across the country also planned protests in the capital Brasilia, where Lula da Silva is meeting with South American leaders.

(6º§) The president could still veto the bill, Reuters reports, but Congress could have enough support to override the move.

(7º§) "PL490 has been approved by the Chamber: a serious attack on indigenous peoples and the environment," Sônia Guajajara, the Indigenous Peoples minister, tweeted late on Tuesday.

(8º§) "We keep fighting for life. Still in the Senate, we will dialogue to avoid negotiating our lives in exchange for profit and destruction. We will not give up!."

(9º§) Lula da Silva has promised to repair the damage to the Amazon caused during the tenure of his predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro. A surge in invasions and illegal extraction of natural resources in protected Indigenous lands were reported under the far-right former leader's time in office.

(10º§) Last month, Lula da Silva recognized six Indigenous territories, Reuters reports, fulfilling part of his campaign promise to protect Indigenous lands from being taken for farming, gold mining and logging in the Amazon.

(11º§) But Lula da Silva has had to face a hostile Congress, which approved expediting the bill's review process last week.

(12º§) While the bill does not impact fully recognized Indigenous territories, it would affect territories that are under claim.

(13º§) Rights groups warn that the bill would "prevent Indigenous communities from obtaining title of their lands if they were not physically present on them on October 5, 1988, the day Brazil's current Constitution was adopted," writes Human Rights Watch.

(14º§) "Indigenous peoples who were expelled from their territory before October 1988 and cannot prove they were involved in an ongoing dispute over their claim on that date would not be able to secure legal recognition of their lands," Human Rights Watch wrote in a statement.

(15º§) "Choosing an arbitrary cutoff date and refusing to recognize ancestral lands claimed after that date is not __ line with international standards," it added.

(16º§) If the bill passes, it could tarnish Lula da Silva's climate ambitions. "If Lula loses this battle in Congress, it will represent yet another political defeat for his administration and display the conservative force he faces," Bruna Santos, director of the Wilson Center's Brazil Institute, told CNN.

i--nt--aaammmmindex.htm /2023/05/30/americas/brazil-indigenous-protest-bill-intl-latam/index.html

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.

Brazilian Indigenous groups protest as lawmakers approve bill limiting recognition of ancestral lands

(1º§) Brazil's lower house of Congress on Tuesday night approved a bill that would limit the recognition of ancestral lands in a vote met by protests from Indigenous groups.

(2º§) The bill, known as PL 490/2007, would strip the environment and Indigenous people ministries of some powers, weakening their oversight__ environmental protections and the demarcation of Indigenous lands.

(3º§) The proposed legislation, which passed by 283 votes to 155, still requires approval from the Senate and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

(4º§) Ahead of the vote, Indigenous groups blocked a highway just outside the country's largest city Sao Paulo. Protesters burned tires, fired arrows and threw objects __ the riot and military police, who used water cannons and tear gas in return.

(5º§) Indigenous groups from across the country also planned protests in the capital Brasilia, where Lula da Silva is meeting with South American leaders.

(6º§) The president could still veto the bill, Reuters reports, but Congress could have enough support to override the move.

(7º§) "PL490 has been approved by the Chamber: a serious attack on indigenous peoples and the environment," Sônia Guajajara, the Indigenous Peoples minister, tweeted late on Tuesday.

(8º§) "We keep fighting for life. Still in the Senate, we will dialogue to avoid negotiating our lives in exchange for profit and destruction. We will not give up!."

(9º§) Lula da Silva has promised to repair the damage to the Amazon caused during the tenure of his predecessor, Jair Bolsonaro. A surge in invasions and illegal extraction of natural resources in protected Indigenous lands were reported under the far-right former leader's time in office.

(10º§) Last month, Lula da Silva recognized six Indigenous territories, Reuters reports, fulfilling part of his campaign promise to protect Indigenous lands from being taken for farming, gold mining and logging in the Amazon.

(11º§) But Lula da Silva has had to face a hostile Congress, which approved expediting the bill's review process last week.

(12º§) While the bill does not impact fully recognized Indigenous territories, it would affect territories that are under claim.

(13º§) Rights groups warn that the bill would "prevent Indigenous communities from obtaining title of their lands if they were not physically present on them on October 5, 1988, the day Brazil's current Constitution was adopted," writes Human Rights Watch.

(14º§) "Indigenous peoples who were expelled from their territory before October 1988 and cannot prove they were involved in an ongoing dispute over their claim on that date would not be able to secure legal recognition of their lands," Human Rights Watch wrote in a statement.

(15º§) "Choosing an arbitrary cutoff date and refusing to recognize ancestral lands claimed after that date is not __ line with international standards," it added.

(16º§) If the bill passes, it could tarnish Lula da Silva's climate ambitions. "If Lula loses this battle in Congress, it will represent yet another political defeat for his administration and display the conservative force he faces," Bruna Santos, director of the Wilson Center's Brazil Institute, told CNN.

i--nt--aaammmmindex.htm /2023/05/30/americas/brazil-indigenous-protest-bill-intl-latam/index.html

Pre-primary school years is fun – serious fun. Music, storytelling, movement, outdoor play, role play and drama give children basic literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills. These are the building blocks of a child’s education that put them on the right track for a life of learning. Children who do not have the chance to start their education early are put at a serious disadvantage before they even start school. One recent UNESCO study showed that students who attended some form of organised early childhood education in 13 African countries scored 66 points higher in reading, on average, than those who did not.

The only way we can move forward is to share lessons between countries on what works. We did just this in our latest report, assessing what the policies were that had enabled countries to achieve fast progress. Recommendations emerged from comprehensive analyses of the issue and they all related to the cost barriers to access.

It is important to legislate and offer free and compulsory pre-primary education. But only about half of the countries in the world have done this so far. While one policy change cannot be assessed out of context, there is a clear jump in children’s early education access across countries that put such legislation in place.

While there is no magic wand to overcome all educational challenges, there are clear lessons we can draw from looking at existing policies. Education can and should start early. If they legislate, regulate and finance appropriately, countries can certainly reach their early education goals.

(Manos Antoninis e Silvia Montoya. www.aljazeera.com, 07.02.2023. Adaptado)

Pre-primary school years is fun – serious fun. Music, storytelling, movement, outdoor play, role play and drama give children basic literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills. These are the building blocks of a child’s education that put them on the right track for a life of learning. Children who do not have the chance to start their education early are put at a serious disadvantage before they even start school. One recent UNESCO study showed that students who attended some form of organised early childhood education in 13 African countries scored 66 points higher in reading, on average, than those who did not.

The only way we can move forward is to share lessons between countries on what works. We did just this in our latest report, assessing what the policies were that had enabled countries to achieve fast progress. Recommendations emerged from comprehensive analyses of the issue and they all related to the cost barriers to access.

It is important to legislate and offer free and compulsory pre-primary education. But only about half of the countries in the world have done this so far. While one policy change cannot be assessed out of context, there is a clear jump in children’s early education access across countries that put such legislation in place.

While there is no magic wand to overcome all educational challenges, there are clear lessons we can draw from looking at existing policies. Education can and should start early. If they legislate, regulate and finance appropriately, countries can certainly reach their early education goals.

(Manos Antoninis e Silvia Montoya. www.aljazeera.com, 07.02.2023. Adaptado)

Pre-primary school years is fun – serious fun. Music, storytelling, movement, outdoor play, role play and drama give children basic literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills. These are the building blocks of a child’s education that put them on the right track for a life of learning. Children who do not have the chance to start their education early are put at a serious disadvantage before they even start school. One recent UNESCO study showed that students who attended some form of organised early childhood education in 13 African countries scored 66 points higher in reading, on average, than those who did not.

The only way we can move forward is to share lessons between countries on what works. We did just this in our latest report, assessing what the policies were that had enabled countries to achieve fast progress. Recommendations emerged from comprehensive analyses of the issue and they all related to the cost barriers to access.

It is important to legislate and offer free and compulsory pre-primary education. But only about half of the countries in the world have done this so far. While one policy change cannot be assessed out of context, there is a clear jump in children’s early education access across countries that put such legislation in place.

While there is no magic wand to overcome all educational challenges, there are clear lessons we can draw from looking at existing policies. Education can and should start early. If they legislate, regulate and finance appropriately, countries can certainly reach their early education goals.

(Manos Antoninis e Silvia Montoya. www.aljazeera.com, 07.02.2023. Adaptado)

Preprimary school years is fun – serious fun. Music, storytelling, movement, outdoor play, role play and drama give children basic literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills. These are the building blocks of a child’s education that put them on the right track for a life of learning. Children who do not have the chance to start their education early are put at a serious disadvantage before they even start school. One recent UNESCO study showed that students who attended some form of organised early childhood education in 13 African countries scored 66 points higher in reading, on average, than those who did not.

The only way we can move forward is to share lessons between countries on what works. We did just this in our latest report, assessing what the policies were that had enabled countries to achieve fast progress. Recommendations emerged from comprehensive analyses of the issue and they all related to the cost barriers to access.

It is important to legislate and offer free and compulsory pre-primary education. But only about half of the countries in the world have done this so far. While one policy change cannot be assessed out of context, there is a clear jump in children’s early education access across countries that put such legislation in place.

While there is no magic wand to overcome all educational challenges, there are clear lessons we can draw from looking at existing policies. Education can and should start early. If they legislate, regulate and finance appropriately, countries can certainly reach their early education goals.

(Manos Antoninis e Silvia Montoya. www.aljazeera.com, 07.02.2023. Adaptado)

Pre-primary school years is fun – serious fun. Music, storytelling, movement, outdoor play, role play and drama give children basic literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills. These are the building blocks of a child’s education that put them on the right track for a life of learning. Children who do not have the chance to start their education early are put at a serious disadvantage before they even start school. One recent UNESCO study showed that students who attended some form of organised early childhood education in 13 African countries scored 66 points higher in reading, on average, than those who did not.

The only way we can move forward is to share lessons between countries on what works. We did just this in our latest report, assessing what the policies were that had enabled countries to achieve fast progress. Recommendations emerged from comprehensive analyses of the issue and they all related to the cost barriers to access.

It is important to legislate and offer free and compulsory pre-primary education. But only about half of the countries in the world have done this so far. While one policy change cannot be assessed out of context, there is a clear jump in children’s early education access across countries that put such legislation in place.

While there is no magic wand to overcome all educational challenges, there are clear lessons we can draw from looking at existing policies. Education can and should start early. If they legislate, regulate and finance appropriately, countries can certainly reach their early education goals.

(Manos Antoninis e Silvia Montoya. www.aljazeera.com, 07.02.2023. Adaptado)