Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Most teachers recognise the need for the students’ awareness about the potential relevance and utility of the language and skills they are teaching. And researchers have confirmed the importance of this need.

In ESP (English for specific purposes) materials, for example, it is relatively easy to convince the learners that the teaching points are relevant and useful by relating them to known learner interests and to ‘real-life’ tasks, which the learners need or might need to perform in the target language. In general English materials this is obviously more difficult; but it can be achieved by researching what the target learners are interested in and what they really want to learn the language for. An interesting example of such research was a questionnaire in Namibia which revealed that two of the most important reasons for secondary school students to wish to learn English were so they would be able to write love letters in English and so that they would be able to write letters of complaint for villagers to the village headman and from the village headman to local authorities.

Perception of relevance and utility can also be achieved by relating teaching points to challenging classroom tasks and by presenting them in ways which could facilitate the achievement of the task outcomes desired by the learners. The ‘new’ learning points are not relevant and useful because they will help the learners to achieve longterm academic or career objectives, but because they could help the learners to achieve short-term task objectives now. Of course, this only works if the tasks are begun first and the teaching is then provided in response to discovered needs. This is much more difficult for the materials writer than the conventional approach of teaching a predetermined point first and then getting the learners to practise and then produce it.

(B. Tomlinson, (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2011. pp 11-2. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder a questão.

Most teachers recognise the need for the students’ awareness about the potential relevance and utility of the language and skills they are teaching. And researchers have confirmed the importance of this need.

In ESP (English for specific purposes) materials, for example, it is relatively easy to convince the learners that the teaching points are relevant and useful by relating them to known learner interests and to ‘real-life’ tasks, which the learners need or might need to perform in the target language. In general English materials this is obviously more difficult; but it can be achieved by researching what the target learners are interested in and what they really want to learn the language for. An interesting example of such research was a questionnaire in Namibia which revealed that two of the most important reasons for secondary school students to wish to learn English were so they would be able to write love letters in English and so that they would be able to write letters of complaint for villagers to the village headman and from the village headman to local authorities.

Perception of relevance and utility can also be achieved by relating teaching points to challenging classroom tasks and by presenting them in ways which could facilitate the achievement of the task outcomes desired by the learners. The ‘new’ learning points are not relevant and useful because they will help the learners to achieve longterm academic or career objectives, but because they could help the learners to achieve short-term task objectives now. Of course, this only works if the tasks are begun first and the teaching is then provided in response to discovered needs. This is much more difficult for the materials writer than the conventional approach of teaching a predetermined point first and then getting the learners to practise and then produce it.

(B. Tomlinson, (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2011. pp 11-2. Adaptado)

Why Climate Change Could Mean More Delayed Flights

No one enjoys a delayed flight, but as our weather gets warmer, we can expect more of them.

That's according to experts, who say that the heat of the summer might cause more delays.

Bloomberg looked at US data for flight delays at airports in Chicago and New York from June to August in 2022 and from January to March in 2023. It found that there were more delayed flights in the summer months at both airports.

When the temperature rises above 39 degrees Celsius, things get very difficult for airlines, Bijan Vasigh, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in the US, told Bloomberg.

The air is thinner when it gets hot and that makes it harder for planes to take off. In thinner air there is not as much lift, so more power is needed.

When they need more power, it helps to have a lighter airplane.

That might mean pilots have to make last-minute decisions to reduce the weight on board by dumping fuel, passengers or baggage — meaning the plane will probably be delayed.

The problem gets worse at airports that are at a higher altitude where the air is already thinner, and at airports with short runways, since planes need more space to get up to a high speed.

But thin air is not the only problem. Smoke from wildfires — that have been happening all around the world in the summer of 2023 — can also cause flights to be delayed and canceled.

Of course, the summer is also a busy time when millions of people fly, and weather is not the only cause of delays — but our hotter climate doesn't seem to be helping.

Internet: Engoo

Why Climate Change Could Mean More Delayed Flights

No one enjoys a delayed flight, but as our weather gets warmer, we can expect more of them.

That's according to experts, who say that the heat of the summer might cause more delays.

Bloomberg looked at US data for flight delays at airports in Chicago and New York from June to August in 2022 and from January to March in 2023. It found that there were more delayed flights in the summer months at both airports.

When the temperature rises above 39 degrees Celsius, things get very difficult for airlines, Bijan Vasigh, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in the US, told Bloomberg.

The air is thinner when it gets hot and that makes it harder for planes to take off. In thinner air there is not as much lift, so more power is needed.

When they need more power, it helps to have a lighter airplane.

That might mean pilots have to make last-minute decisions to reduce the weight on board by dumping fuel, passengers or baggage — meaning the plane will probably be delayed.

The problem gets worse at airports that are at a higher altitude where the air is already thinner, and at airports with short runways, since planes need more space to get up to a high speed.

But thin air is not the only problem. Smoke from wildfires — that have been happening all around the world in the summer of 2023 — can also cause flights to be delayed and canceled.

Of course, the summer is also a busy time when millions of people fly, and weather is not the only cause of delays — but our hotter climate doesn't seem to be helping.

Internet: Engoo

Why Climate Change Could Mean More Delayed Flights

No one enjoys a delayed flight, but as our weather gets warmer, we can expect more of them.

That's according to experts, who say that the heat of the summer might cause more delays.

Bloomberg looked at US data for flight delays at airports in Chicago and New York from June to August in 2022 and from January to March in 2023. It found that there were more delayed flights in the summer months at both airports.

When the temperature rises above 39 degrees Celsius, things get very difficult for airlines, Bijan Vasigh, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in the US, told Bloomberg.

The air is thinner when it gets hot and that makes it harder for planes to take off. In thinner air there is not as much lift, so more power is needed.

When they need more power, it helps to have a lighter airplane.

That might mean pilots have to make last-minute decisions to reduce the weight on board by dumping fuel, passengers or baggage — meaning the plane will probably be delayed.

The problem gets worse at airports that are at a higher altitude where the air is already thinner, and at airports with short runways, since planes need more space to get up to a high speed.

But thin air is not the only problem. Smoke from wildfires — that have been happening all around the world in the summer of 2023 — can also cause flights to be delayed and canceled.

Of course, the summer is also a busy time when millions of people fly, and weather is not the only cause of delays — but our hotter climate doesn't seem to be helping.

Internet: Engoo

Why Climate Change Could Mean More Delayed Flights

No one enjoys a delayed flight, but as our weather gets warmer, we can expect more of them.

That's according to experts, who say that the heat of the summer might cause more delays.

Bloomberg looked at US data for flight delays at airports in Chicago and New York from June to August in 2022 and from January to March in 2023. It found that there were more delayed flights in the summer months at both airports.

When the temperature rises above 39 degrees Celsius, things get very difficult for airlines, Bijan Vasigh, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in the US, told Bloomberg.

The air is thinner when it gets hot and that makes it harder for planes to take off. In thinner air there is not as much lift, so more power is needed.

When they need more power, it helps to have a lighter airplane.

That might mean pilots have to make last-minute decisions to reduce the weight on board by dumping fuel, passengers or baggage — meaning the plane will probably be delayed.

The problem gets worse at airports that are at a higher altitude where the air is already thinner, and at airports with short runways, since planes need more space to get up to a high speed.

But thin air is not the only problem. Smoke from wildfires — that have been happening all around the world in the summer of 2023 — can also cause flights to be delayed and canceled.

Of course, the summer is also a busy time when millions of people fly, and weather is not the only cause of delays — but our hotter climate doesn't seem to be helping.

Internet: Engoo

Car crashes into second floor of Pennsylvania home

A man drove his car into the second floor of a Pennsylvania home on Sunday in what officials say was an "intentional act".

Charges are pending against the driver after police found a grey vehicle sticking out of the side of the house in the city of Lewistown.

Officials have not said how exactly the vehicle made its way to the second floor.

"The pictures speak for themselves", a fire official told the BBC.

Anywhere from one to three people were inside the home at the time of the crash but were not injured, according to Sam Baumgardner, an administrator at the Junction Fire Company, which assisted in the response to the crash.

The driver was able to climb out onto the roof after the crash and was taken to the hospital with injuries, Mr Baumgardner said.

He added that the car likely hit the second floor because of a culvert - a tunnel that carries a stream under a road or railway - on the left side of the house.

The driver "went into the culvert and propelled into the air and landed on the second floor", Mr Baumgardner said.

In a report, Lewistown police said they had determined through an investigation that the crash was "an intentional act".

Officials added that the driver will face charges for the crash.

The BBC has reached out to police for comment.

The fire department said it took about three hours to remove the car from the second floor.

"The crew that was on the rescue definitely had to think outside the box," Mr Baumgardner said.

Rescue crews helped stabilise the house and put a tarp over the hole from the crash because of upcoming storms, the Junction Fire Company said in a post on Facebook.

Internet: BBC News

Car crashes into second floor of Pennsylvania home

A man drove his car into the second floor of a Pennsylvania home on Sunday in what officials say was an "intentional act".

Charges are pending against the driver after police found a grey vehicle sticking out of the side of the house in the city of Lewistown.

Officials have not said how exactly the vehicle made its way to the second floor.

"The pictures speak for themselves", a fire official told the BBC.

Anywhere from one to three people were inside the home at the time of the crash but were not injured, according to Sam Baumgardner, an administrator at the Junction Fire Company, which assisted in the response to the crash.

The driver was able to climb out onto the roof after the crash and was taken to the hospital with injuries, Mr Baumgardner said.

He added that the car likely hit the second floor because of a culvert - a tunnel that carries a stream under a road or railway - on the left side of the house.

The driver "went into the culvert and propelled into the air and landed on the second floor", Mr Baumgardner said.

In a report, Lewistown police said they had determined through an investigation that the crash was "an intentional act".

Officials added that the driver will face charges for the crash.

The BBC has reached out to police for comment.

The fire department said it took about three hours to remove the car from the second floor.

"The crew that was on the rescue definitely had to think outside the box," Mr Baumgardner said.

Rescue crews helped stabilise the house and put a tarp over the hole from the crash because of upcoming storms, the Junction Fire Company said in a post on Facebook.

Internet: BBC News

Car crashes into second floor of Pennsylvania home

A man drove his car into the second floor of a Pennsylvania home on Sunday in what officials say was an "intentional act".

Charges are pending against the driver after police found a grey vehicle sticking out of the side of the house in the city of Lewistown.

Officials have not said how exactly the vehicle made its way to the second floor.

"The pictures speak for themselves", a fire official told the BBC.

Anywhere from one to three people were inside the home at the time of the crash but were not injured, according to Sam Baumgardner, an administrator at the Junction Fire Company, which assisted in the response to the crash.

The driver was able to climb out onto the roof after the crash and was taken to the hospital with injuries, Mr Baumgardner said.

He added that the car likely hit the second floor because of a culvert - a tunnel that carries a stream under a road or railway - on the left side of the house.

The driver "went into the culvert and propelled into the air and landed on the second floor", Mr Baumgardner said.

In a report, Lewistown police said they had determined through an investigation that the crash was "an intentional act".

Officials added that the driver will face charges for the crash.

The BBC has reached out to police for comment.

The fire department said it took about three hours to remove the car from the second floor.

"The crew that was on the rescue definitely had to think outside the box," Mr Baumgardner said.

Rescue crews helped stabilise the house and put a tarp over the hole from the crash because of upcoming storms, the Junction Fire Company said in a post on Facebook.

Internet: BBC News

Car crashes into second floor of Pennsylvania home

A man drove his car into the second floor of a Pennsylvania home on Sunday in what officials say was an "intentional act".

Charges are pending against the driver after police found a grey vehicle sticking out of the side of the house in the city of Lewistown.

Officials have not said how exactly the vehicle made its way to the second floor.

"The pictures speak for themselves", a fire official told the BBC.

Anywhere from one to three people were inside the home at the time of the crash but were not injured, according to Sam Baumgardner, an administrator at the Junction Fire Company, which assisted in the response to the crash.

The driver was able to climb out onto the roof after the crash and was taken to the hospital with injuries, Mr Baumgardner said.

He added that the car likely hit the second floor because of a culvert - a tunnel that carries a stream under a road or railway - on the left side of the house.

The driver "went into the culvert and propelled into the air and landed on the second floor", Mr Baumgardner said.

In a report, Lewistown police said they had determined through an investigation that the crash was "an intentional act".

Officials added that the driver will face charges for the crash.

The BBC has reached out to police for comment.

The fire department said it took about three hours to remove the car from the second floor.

"The crew that was on the rescue definitely had to think outside the box," Mr Baumgardner said.

Rescue crews helped stabilise the house and put a tarp over the hole from the crash because of upcoming storms, the Junction Fire Company said in a post on Facebook.

Internet: BBC News