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In recent years it has become quite clear that the provision of health care is one of the absolutely key issues in modern society. In some countries the provision of health care is completely free at the point of use. Generally speaking this means that people who visit the doctor, or have to go into hospital, do not hand over money to the people who treat them. Instead, the system is entirely financed by central government, and paid out of revenues (taxes collected from everyone). In some health systems everyone is treated free, regardless of their ability to pay, while in other systems, patients pay a standard charge, even for extremely expensive drug treatments, while those who are quite unable to pay receive free treatment. In other countries the system is totally private and everyone has to pay for their treatment financially speaking, this means that patients either have to pay for their own insurance, which will pay for their bills when they are ill, or pay bills from their pockets. In many countries it is quite usual for both systems to exist side by side, with the state providing very basic services, and the well-to-do, naturally, paying for services of a higher quality. This is sometimes known as a “two tier” system.

M. Vince. Macmillan english grammar in context. Advanced. Oxford: Macmillan Education, 2008 (adapted).

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